charophytes
group of freshwater green algae
sporangia
a receptacle in ferns and lower plants where asexual spores are formed
plants originated from ____ _____ about 470 million years ago
green algae
ways in which evolution of plants affected earth and its other life forms
- early forests contributed to a large drop in CO2 levels
- plants permitted the diversification of heterotrophs
- seedless vascular plants forming the first forests became coal
derived traits of plants from algae
- the cuticle
- the stomata
- early plants lacked true roots making absorption of nutrients from the soil challenging
vascular tissue
cells joined into tubes for transport
bryophytes
nonvascular plants
the two clades of seedless vascular plants
lycophytes and monilophytes
plants that have an extensive vascular transport system but don’t produce seeds
seedless vasccular plants
what is a seed?
it is an embryo packaged with a supply of nutrients inside of a protective coat
two groups of seed plants:
gymnosperms - clade that produces seeds that aren’t enclosed in chambers (naked seeds)
angiosperms - clade that produces seeds that develop inside of chambers that originate within flowers
three phyla of modern day bryophytes
- liverworts
- mosses
- hornworts
difference between the different bryophyte sporophytes
- moss and hornwort sporophytes are larger and more complex than liverworts
- moss and hornwort sporophytes have stomata but liverworts’ don’t
