Chapter 29 Pulmonary Function

Question 1

Hemoptysis

Answer 1

Coughing up blood

Question 2

Kussmaul Respirations

Answer 2

Deep and rapid breathing

Question 3

Cheye-Stokes Respirations

Answer 3

Periods of apnea

Question 4

Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Disease (8)

Answer 4

• Cough
• Abnormal sputum
• Hemoptysis
• Abnormal breathing patterns
• Hypoventilation
• Hyperventilation
• Cyanosis
• Clubbing
• Pain

Question 5

Hypercapnia

Answer 5

Increased carbon dioxide concentration in arterial blood

Question 6

Hypoxemia

Answer 6

-Reduced oxygen of arterial blood

Question 7

Pneumothorax

Answer 7

Air in pleural space causing lung collapse

Question 8

Pleural effusion

Answer 8

Fluid in pleural space

Question 9

Pulmonary edem

Answer 9

Fluid in lungs

Question 10

Pulmonary edema is commonly found in what disease?

Answer 10

Heart failure

Question 11

Pulmonary edema symptoms (5)

Answer 11

• Pink frothy sputum
• Dyspnea
• Cough
• Wheezing
• Orthopnea

Question 12

Aspiration

Answer 12

Passage of fluid nd solid particles into the lungs

Question 13

Atelectasis

Answer 13

Collapse of lung tissue (alveoli)

Question 14

Bronchiolitis (3)

Answer 14

Inflammatory obstruction of the small airways

• Common in children
• Occurs in adults with chronic bronchitis, in association with a viral infection

Question 15

Pulmonary fibrosis (2)

Answer 15

• Excessive amount of fibrous tissue in lung

- Idiopathic or caused by scar tissue

Question 16

Obstructive Lung Diseases (3)

Answer 16

• Narrowing of airways resulting in airway obstruction
• Worse on expiration
• Dyspnea and wheezing

Question 17

Asthma (2)

Answer 17

• Chronic inflammation of the airways

- Causes bronchial hyperresponsiveness

Question 18

Asthma symptoms (3)

Answer 18

• Expiratory wheezing
• Dyspnea
• Tachypnea

Question 19

COPD (3)

Answer 19

• Persistent airflow limitation
• Usually progressive
• Most common lung disease in the world

Question 20

2 Primary types of COPD

Answer 20

• Emphysema

- Chronic bronchitis

Question 21

COPD Assessment (7)

Answer 21

• Chronic productive cough
• Barrel chest
• Increasing tolerance of high CO2 levels
• DOE
• Clubbing
• Wheezing
• Increased of pulmonary infections

Question 22

Emphysema (4)

Answer 22

• Abnormal permanent enlargement of the gas-exchange airways
• Destruction of alveolar walls
• Loss of elastic recoil
• Air trapping

Question 23

Emphysema Assessment (5)

Answer 23

• Chronic cough and dyspnea
• Pursed-lip breathing
• Barrel chest
• Hyperresonance on percussion
• Anorexia, weakness, muscle loss, weight loss

Question 24

Chronic bronchitis (3)

Answer 24

• Hyper-secretion of mucus and chronic productive cough that lasts for @ least 3 months
• Thicker mucus
• Recurrent pulmonary infections

Question 25

Chronic bronchitis treatment (3)

Answer 25

- Bronchodilators - Expectorants - Physical therapy

Question 26

Chronic bronchitis assessment (5)

Answer 26

- Heavy productive cough - Cough becomes worse - Dyspnea and wheezing - Cyanosis - Generalized edema

Question 27

Hypoxia

Answer 27

SpO2 saturation bellow 92%

Question 28

Hypoxemia

Answer 28

Arterial blood PaO2 below 80mmHg

Question 29

Hypoxemia symptoms (3)

Answer 29

- Mood changes - forgetfulness - Inability to concentrate

Question 30

Hypercapna

Answer 30

Elevated CO2

Question 31

Hypercapnia symptoms (8)

Answer 31

- Respiratory acidosis - Tachypnea - Dyspnea - Headache - Confusion - Lethargy - Nausea - Vomiting

Question 32

Obstructive Lung Disease Diagnostics (4)

Answer 32

- Chest X-ray - PFT - ABGs - Bronchoscopy

Question 33

Obstructive Lung Disease Treatment (8)

Answer 33

- Stop smoking - Bronchodilators - Antibiotics - Oxygen therapy - Steroids - Chest physiology - Postural drainage - Pulmonary disease diet

Question 34

Acute bronchitis

Answer 34

- Acute infection or inflammation - Commonly follows a viral illness - Acute bronchitis causes symptoms similar to those of pneumonia

Question 35

Pneumonia (2)

Answer 35

- Lower tract | - Caused by: bacterial, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or parasites

Question 36

Types of Pneumonia (3)

Answer 36

- Community acquired - Healthcare acquired - Ventilator-associated

Question 37

Tuberculosis (5)

Answer 37

- Leading cause of death from curable infectious disease in the world - Airborne transmission - Tubercle formation - Caseous necrosis - Tuberculin skin test

Question 38

Pulmonary embolism (2)

Answer 38

- Occlusion of a portion of the pulmonary vascular bed by an embolus - Pulmonary emboli commonly arise from DVT

Question 39

PE Symptoms (8)

Answer 39

- Sudden chest pain - Dyspnea, tachypnea - Tachycardia - Anxiety - Hemoptysis - Pleural friction - Pulmonary hypertension/shock - May cause death

Question 40

PE Diagnostics (3)

Answer 40

- Dopple - Ventilation and perfusion scan - D-dimer

Question 41

PE Treatment (2)

Answer 41

- Heparin | - Clot is dissolved by fibrinolytic system

Question 42

Pulmonary infarction causes what to the lungs

Answer 42

-Shrinking and scarring in the affected area of the lung

Question 43

Pulmonary hypertension is caused by....(6)

Answer 43

- Heritable defects - Drugs - Cenoocclusive disease - Lung or heart disease - Systemic disorders - Chronic pulmonary embolism

Question 44

Lung Cancer Causes (2)

Answer 44

- 80% caused by smoking | - Environmental, occupational, and genetic risk