Chapter 3

Question 1

four chambers of the heart

Answer 1

left and right atrium (upper)
left and right ventricle (lower)

Question 2

describe blood flow

Answer 2

1. Deoxygenated blood enters the R atrium through the vein
2. R atrium contracts once full and pumps the blood into the R ventricle
3. R ventricle fills, contracts, and pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery
4. The CO2 is removed (to the lungs) and O2 is picked up (by the blood) through diffusion
5. Oxygenated blood flows through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium
6. Once full, the atrium contracts and pumps to the L ventricle
7. L ventricle contacts when full and pumps the blood through the aorta (largest artery in the body)
8. Aorta distributes to the blood vessels

Question 3

valves that prevent any back-flow of blood

Answer 3

tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic

Question 4

tricuspid valve

Answer 4

opens for flow from the r atrium to r ventricle

Question 5

pulmonary valve

Answer 5

allows flow from r ventricle to the lungs

Question 6

mitral valve

Answer 6

allows flow from l atrium to l ventricle

Question 7

aortic valve

Answer 7

allows flow into the aorta

Question 8

blood pressure

Answer 8

the amount of force that is exerted by the blood on the walls of the vessels that is created by the pumping of the heart

Question 9

blood vessels

Answer 9

veins, arteries, capillaries, venules, endothelial cells

Question 10

veins

Answer 10

carry blood to the heart

Question 11

artereis

Answer 11

carry blood away from the heart

Question 12

capillaries

Answer 12

deliver o2 and nutrients and pick up waste and co2

Question 13

venules

Answer 13

capillaries empty here and then into large veins that return to the heart

Question 14

respiratory system (lungs)

Answer 14

1. supplies oxygen to the body and carries away carbon dioxide
2. regulates acid created during metabolism
3. pressure change causes air to pass in and out of the lungs

Question 15

resting heart rate

Answer 15

50-90 bpm

Question 16

resting respiration

Answer 16

12-20 breaths/minute

Question 17

during exercise

Answer 17

1. waste elimination increase and the need for o2 is greater
2. stroke volume increases: more blood pumped with each beat
3. cardiac output increases: more blood circulated per minute
4. 85-90% of blood is delivered to working muscles

Question 18

endothelial cells

Answer 18

secrete nitric oxide to regulate blood flow

Question 19

metabolism

Answer 19

all chemical processes that maintain in the body

Question 20

three classes of foods

Answer 20

carbs, fats, and proteins

Question 21

how are carbs used

Answer 21

they are either converted in glucose for quick use or glycogen for later use.
I there is no immediate energy needs and glycogen stores are full, glucose is stored as fat

Question 22

most basic for of energy

Answer 22

ATP

Question 23

immediate energy system

Answer 23

short burst of rapid energy that does not required oxygen

Question 24

oxidative energy system (aerobic)

Answer 24

1. requires oxygen
2. slower to produce energy but can supply it for a long period of time
3. Activity lasting longer that 2 minutes
4. ATP produced in the mitochondria
5. o2 consumption increases with exercise intensity

Question 25

benefits of cardiorespiratory endurance exercise

Answer 25

1. improved cardiorespiratory function 2. improved cerebellar metabolism 3. reduced risk of chronic disease 4. control of body fat 5. improved immune function 6. improved physchological and emotional well-being