Chapter 3

Question 1

Types of wedge anchors

Answer 1

• Fully threaded
• Partial threaded
• Full-bodied wedge anchor

Question 2

Types of conventional anchors

Answer 2

• Square-headed bolts
• Hex-headed bolts

Question 3

Conventional anchors

Answer 3

• Usually embedded in the masonry during construction and require careful attention to bolt location and grip length requirements
• Usually made to the specific project requirements by steel fabricators or purchased from steel suppliers
• Availability and cost are generally based on demand and fabric requirements

Question 4

Types of proprietary anchors

Answer 4

• Expansion anchors (wedge anchor, sleeve anchor, drop-in anchor)
• Adhesive anchors (self-contained adhesive anchor, site-mixed adhesive anchor)

Question 5

Proprietary anchors

Answer 5

Typically installed after completion of construction, permit a larger degree of freedom in anchor placement

Question 6

Bent bar anchors

Answer 6

• Frequently used in masonry construction
• J or L shaped

Question 7

Plate anchors

Answer 7

Usually made by welding a square or circular steel plate perpendicular to the axis of a steel bar that is threaded on the opposite end

Question 8

Through bolts

Answer 8

• Extend completely through the thickness of the masonry and are composed of a threaded rod or bar with a bearing plate located on the surface opposite the attachments
• Primarily used in industrial construction where aesthetics are not a principal concern, or in retrofitting existing structures

Question 9

Anchor bolts

Answer 9

• Used as a means of tying structural elements together in construction
• Required to resist a combination of tension and shear loads acting simultaneously due to combinations of imposed dead loads, live loads, wind loads, seismic loads, thermal loads and impact loads

Question 10

Tension

Answer 10

Tensile capacity of an anchor is governed either by the strength of the masonry of by the strength of the anchor material

Question 11

Effective anchor embedded length

Answer 11

Length of embedment measured perpendicular from the surface of the masonry to the plate or head for plate anchors or headed bolts

Question 12

Shear

Answer 12

Anchor capacity is governed by either the masonry strength or the anchor material strength

Question 13

Combined tension and shear

Answer 13

Allowable combinations of tensile and shear loads are based on a linear interaction equation between the allowable pure tension and pure shear loads

Question 14

Average factors of safety

Answer 14

4.0 for tensile test, 5.0 for shear test and 7.0 for combines tension and shear test

Question 15

Edge distance

Answer 15

Min. distance of 300mm