____% of U.S. adults have or plan to have children.
90%
Contextual factors of reproducing
- financial circumstances
- religious values
- partnership changes
- career goals
- health conditions
- availability of supportive family policies
About ____% of U.S. births are from unintended pregnancies.
30%
Advantages of parenthood
- giving and receiving warmth and affection
- providing care and teaching
- strengthening the couple relationship
- carrying on one’s family name, lineage, heritage, or values
- being accepted as a responsible and mature member of the community
- having a source of caregiving and economic support in later life
Disadvantages of parenthood
- risk of birth complications
- responsibility for children’s well-being
- role overload
- risks of bringing up children in a dangerous world
- financial strain and sacrifices
- reduced time to spend with partner
- loss of privacy
Fertility rates have generally _________ in developed countries.
Declined
Reasons for decline of fertility rate
- delay of marriage and parenthood
- women’s pursuit of careers outside the home
- popular advice to limit family size in the interests of “child-rearing quality”
Low socioeconomic status mothers tend to have _____ children.
More
Delaying parenthood until after age 35 increases risk of ______________________________________.
Having a baby with a chromosomal disorder
Conception
Sperm and ovum unite to form a new individual
Germinal period
Last about two weeks (from fertilization and formation of the zygote through implantation of the blastocyst into the uterine lining) when the mass of cells drifts out of the fallopian tube and attaches to the uterine wall
Period of the embryo
From implantation through the eighth week of pregnancy
Period of the fetus
“Growth and finishing” phase, from the ninth week to the end of pregnancy
Implantation
Between days 7 and 9, when the blastocyst burrows deep unto the uterine lining
Trophoblast cells form the…
Amnion, chorion, placenta, and umbilical cord
