High blood pressure
‘hypertension’
When blood is being pumped through the arteries at a harder and faster rate that is considered normal/healthy.
Impaired glucose regulation (insulin resistance)
Occurs when the cells become resistant to the action of insulin, preventing glucose from being absorbed by the cells. Is a precursor to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
BMI – Body Mass Index
A statistical measure of body mass using height and weight.
Formula: BMI=weight(kg)/height(m)2
Overweight
Having a BMI of 25 - 29.9
Obese
Having a BMI of 30 and over
High BMI
When a person has a BMI of 25 or higher
(this is categorised as overweight or obese).
Underweight
Having a BMI of 18.5 and under
Low birth weight
A baby born under 2.5kg.
Type 2 Diabetes (most common)
- The body usually produces enough insulin, but its action is ineffective. This may be due to excess fat which has damaged the insulin receptors in cells
- This can lead to insulin resistance
- Glucose is trapped in the bloodstream leading to uncontrolled blood sugar (glucose) levels and impaired glucose regulation
Type 1 Diabetes
- The pancreas stops making insulin
- The cells producing insulin are destroyed and the glucose in the blood cannot be controlled resulting in high blood glucose levels
- Daily insulin injections required …for life
- Non-diet related, not preventable
Gestational diabetes
- Occurs during pregnancy in some women, where the pancreas has difficulty producing enough insulin to control blood sugar (glucose) levels. Can be caused by the excess weight gained during pregnancy.
- after the birth the condition usually disappears.
Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes
- Well balanced diet,
- weight management,
- physical activity
Complications from Type 2 Diabetes
- Heart and blood vessel disease
- Nerve damage (neuropathy).
- Kidney damage
- Eye Damage
- Foot Damage
- Hearing impairment
- Skin conditions
- Alzheimers disease (connection unclear)
Prevention of CVD
- Well balanced diet
- weight management
- physical activity (30 mins a day)
Prevention of Cancer
- Healthy body weight
- Fruits and vegetables
- Fibre (colorectal cancer)
- Don’t smoke tobacco
- Don’t drink alcohol (liver cancer)
- Wear sunscreen (skin cancer)
- Screening tests
Risks of Smoking
- CVD
- Cancer (lung, throat etc)
- Low birth weight of children
- Asthma
- Increased risk of infection
Risks of alcohol
- Obesity
- Type 2 Diabetes
- CVD
- Cancer
- Liver damage
- FASD
- Suicide
- Risk taking behaviour
Risks of High BMI
- CVD
- Colorectal & breast cancer
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Athritis
- Asthma
- Mental health issues
Fruit and Vegetables
are high in:
- Vitamins and minerals
- Dietary fibre
- Antioxidants
Fruit and Vegetables
are low in:
- Energy
Antioxidants
Neutralise free radicals that damage cells (leading to CVD and cancer)
Dairy
is high in:
- Calcium
- Phosphorous
- Protein
Underconsumption of dairy
leads to:
- Osteoporosis
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Dental Caries
Overconsumption of any fats
lead to:
Obesity
