chapter 3

Question 1

Ansel Keys

Answer 1

1950s didnt use scientific method, but he set out to prove that saturated fat lead to CHD (coronary heart disease)

he was right

Question 2

Atherosclerosis

Answer 2

harding of the arteries

(decades to form)

• accumulation of cholestrol rich plaque in the coronary arteries
• ‘occulded’ ‘blocked’
• macrophages eat oxidized LDL that sits in the blood because of excess, go under the first layer and clump up (FOAM CELL)

Question 3

Thrombosis

Answer 3

burst / clot

(minutes)

• clot of WBC called Thrombus
• Myocardial infarction (heart attack)

Question 4

how can you tell athersclerosis is in late stage?

Answer 4

a fibrous cap forms from proteins from smooth muscle cells that surround the artery

when it pops onthe shoulders, the immune system comes and it gets inflammed and more congested

Question 5

How can we help get rid of thrombosis by eating fish?

Answer 5

fish EPA –> 20: 5n-3 –> Thromboxane A3

its also a vasodialator

Question 6

How does HDL contribute to less cholestrol/LDL

Answer 6

HDL removes LDL and takes it to the liver to be disposed = less possible plaque build up

how can we increase HDL?

• every 10lbs lost, HDL increase by 2mg/dl
• quit smoking, lowers HDL
• excersize
• moderate alcohol increase HDL

Question 7

when a PUFA is oxidized what can it lead to?

Answer 7

MALONdialdehyde (cancer promoter)

Question 8

why does LDL get oxidized?

Answer 8

since we know fats can be oxidized by free radicals, LDL must also be able to get oxidized since it contains fats (triglycerides and phospolipid fatty acid)

phytochemicals are natural antioxidants

Question 9

Stages of cancer

Answer 9

1. initiation (DNA damaged)
   -UV rays
   -viruses
   -free radicals
   -poly aromatic hydrocarbons
2. Apoptosis or MALONdialdehyde/secondary bile acids
   -dies
   -promoted
3. ‘metastasis’ can progress and gain access to the bloodstream nutrients
   - goes from BENIGN tumor to MALIGANENT tumor

Question 10

what is dietay Cholestrol good for?

Answer 10

1. cell membrane
2. precusor for bile, hormones, Vit D
3. only in foods of animal origin

liver makes cholesterol so keep intake as low as possible tho

Question 11

how to reduce cholesterol?

Answer 11

1st best. decrease saturated and trans fat

2nd best. increase fibre

3rd best. decrease dietary cholesterol (animal product)

Question 12

fish oils , name, length and origin

Answer 12

EPA 20:5n-3
DHA 22:6n-3

plankton

Question 13

does dietary fat and cancer correlate?

Answer 13

yes

link between fat intake and cancer differs across countries