Cohesion
Phenomenon where hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together
Surface tension
Measurement of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid
Adhesion
The attraction between different molecules
Kinetic energy
The energy of motion
Thermal energy
Kinetic energy that is associated with the random motion of atoms or molecules
Temperature
The average kinetic energy of the molecules in a body of matter
Heat
Thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another
Calorie (cal)
The amount of heat required to raise or lower the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
Joule (J)
Another unit of energy
Specific heat
The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by 1 degree Celsius
Evaporation
The transformation of a substance from a liquid to a gas
Heat vaporization
The amount of heat a liquid must absorb for one gram to be converted to a gas
Evaporative cooling
As a liquid evaporates, its remaining surface cools
Solution
A liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of substances
Solvent
The dissolving agent of a solution
Solute
The substance in a solution that is dissolved
Aqueous solution
A solution where water is the solvent
Hydrophilic
A substance that has an affinity for water
Hydrophobic
A substance that does not have an affinity for water
Molecular mass
The sum of all masses of all atoms in a molecule
Acid
A substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution
