What is assembly language?
A symbolic representation of machine language instructions specific to a processor.
What is the native language of a microprocessor?
Machine language.
What are the two main parts of an assembly instruction?
Mnemonic (opcode) and Operands.
What is a mnemonic?
A symbolic name representing an operation code.
What are operands?
Specifiers indicating the source(s) and destination of data.
What optional elements may appear in an instruction?
Label and Comment.
What is a label?
A symbolic name for the address of an instruction.
How many instructions does the 8086/8088 support?
117 instructions.
Name the six major categories of 8086 instructions.
Data Transfer, Arithmetic, Logic, String Operations, Control Transfer, Processor Control.
What is an addressing mode?
The method used to specify the location of an operand.
What are the three types of operands in 8086?
Register Operands, Immediate Operands, Memory Operands.
How is physical memory accessed in 8086?
Using Segment Base Address (SBA) + Offset.
What is the formula for Physical Address?
PA = Segment × 10H + Offset.
What is Register Addressing Mode?
Both source and destination operands are registers.
Can all registers be accessed as byte (8-bit)?
No. Only AX, BX, CX, DX can be accessed as byte (AH/AL, etc.).
What must match in register operations?
Operand sizes must match.
What is a limitation of some instructions?
Some registers are used implicitly (e.g., AX and DX in multiplication).
What is Immediate Addressing Mode?
One operand is constant data included in the instruction.
When is the immediate value determined?
At assembly time.
Must immediate operand size match the destination?
Yes.
What is Direct Addressing Mode?
The offset is explicitly specified in the instruction.
How is direct addressing indicated syntactically?
Using brackets [offset].
What is the default segment for direct addressing?
Data Segment (DS).
How can a different segment be accessed?
Using a segment override prefix.
