Transmission media?
Transmission media connects the messga source with message receiver by means of Guided or unguided media
Guided/Bound Media:
Twisted Pair Wire
Coaxial cable
Fiber Optic cable
Unguided/Unbounded media
Terrestrial Microwave
Radio Waves
Micro Waves
Infrared waves
Communication SatellitesExplain Guided Media
- uses a “cabling” system that guides the media along a specific path
Explain Twisted Pair Media
Twisted – Pair cables:
- ordinary telephone wire, consisting of copper wire twisted into pairs - It is inexpensive and easy to install. - most widely used media for telecommunication - Used for both Voice and data transmission - used for home and office telephone system and many LANs and WANs.
Coaxial Cable?
- It consists of copper or aluminum wire wrapped with spacers to insulate and protect it.
- They can carry a large volume of data and allows high- speed data transmission
- Used in office building and other work sites for local area networks
Fiber optical cable?
- Consists of one or more hair-thin filaments of glass fiber wrapped in a protective jacket.
- Use light as the communication medium.
- Easy to install and even used undersea.
- can carry digital as well as analog signals
- Speed of communications is 10,000 times faster than that of microwave and satellite systems.
Explain Unguided Media
It consists of a means for the data signals to travel but nothing to guide them along a specific path.
Terrestrial Microwave?
» It uses the atmosphere as the medium through which to transmit signals,
- is used extensively for high-volume as well as long-distance communication
- of both data and voice
- in the form of electromagnetic waves.
Radio Waves?
- They are invisible form of electromagnetic radiation that varies in wavelength from around 1 millimeter to 1,00,000 kms.
- Most commonly used transmission media in Wireless Local Area Networks.
Micro Waves?
- These are radio waves with wavelengths ranging from as long as 1 meter to as short as 1 millimeter, with frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz.
- Used for communication, radar systems, radio astronomy, navigation etc..
Infrared Waves:?
- Used in industrial, scientific and medical applications.
- Night-vision devices using infrared illumination allow people or animals to be observed without the observer being detected.
Communication Satellites?
» They use the atmosphere as the medium.
» Satellite is a solar-powered electronic device that receives, amplifies, and retransmits signals.
» Extensively used for high-volume long-distance communication.
» Cost-effective for moving large quantities of data over long distances.
Define Client
A client is a single user workstation that provides a presentation services and the appropriate computing, connectivity and the database services relevant to the business needs
Classification of Client Computing
- Fat/Thick Client:
- Thin Client
- Hybrid Client
Fat/Thick client??
Client that performs the bulk of any data processing itself, and does not necessarily rely on the server.
Thick client does not rely on the central processing server because the processing is done locally on the user’s system, and the serves is accessed primarily for storage purpose
Because of that, thick clients are often NOT suited for public environment
For Ex - Personal Computer
Thin Client??
A thin client uses the resources of the Host computer.
A thin client generally only presents the processed data provided by an application server, which performs the bulk of any required data processing
It communicated with the central processing server meaning there is little hardware r software installed in the user’s machine
Ex - a device using web application
Hybrid Client??
Mixture of above two clients
Similar to a fat client, it processes locally, but relies on server for storing persistent data
Offers features of both:
Fat client - multimedia support, high performance
Thin client - high manageability, flexibility
suited for video gaming
Characteristics and Issues of” Client server architecture?”?
CHARACTERISTICS:
–> MIT S3
What is meant by network topology?
The geometrical arrangement of computer resources, remote devices, and communication facilities is known as network structure or network topology.
What are different topologies or structures available?
- Mesh topology / Mesh form of Network.
- Star topology / Star form of Network
- Bus topology / Bus form of Network
- Ring topology / Ring form of Network
Mesh form of Network?
» It may be fully connected or connected with only partial links.
» In a fully connected, each node is connected by a dedicated point to point link to every other node.
» In partially connected, nodes are widely scattered.
- It is fastest and eliminates need for routing
- Offers high reliability but is costly
