What did the Greeks call themselves?
Hellenes
What did they eat?
Grapes-ship well, make wine
Olives-valuble commodity- cook clean, burn lamps
Grain.
Strigil
Used Oil to bathe, did not use soap. Would use Strigil to wipe oil off.
Greeks famous for pottery
made by men- shaped to function and used to cook
women painted them.
Greek Polis
City-State
- city and its surrounding country side, including villages
Olympics 776 BCE
Involved entire Panthellenic world
- Ppl brought offerings to Zeus
- Military men would leave armour
- Theodosius I banned olympic games/ pagean events illegal.
Aristocrats
person who is from upper class/nobility
-before 1st democracy- govt ruled by aristocrats
Hoplites
Main defense of city state
- infantry men in metal body armor
- Phalanx - marched 100% together ( turned together also)
Symposium
most women allowed ( 2nd class citizens) Symposiast & Hetaera ( high class/ prostitutes) ---Hetaera-could go into symposium-learned to read, write, sing
Homosexual relationships
men in 20/30’s take younger men as lover
- personal/social intimacy
- –benefits younger partner to learn info of political/alliances
Sacred Band of Thebes
- 150 pairs male lovers
- Elite force of Theban army in 4th century
- Lion of Chaeronea put up in honor of band of thebes
Greece women
-men HOH
-different rights depending on city-state
-poor women worked out of house
-made clothes for family
This is not case in sparta
Hoplite Revolution
- paid for own equip
- -learned Phalanx tactics-defend polis
- forced aristocrats to share political power
- —–threatened to refuse to fight/ cripple military defense
Tale of 3 Poleis
Demo Kratia
In Sparta
- oligarchy- power in few wealthy
- tyranny - sole ruler/ took power by force
- monarchy - power by 1 ruler / passed down
Archon ( Athens)
First men
9 presided over gov of polis (military/religion)
-served for 1 yr
Areopagus- appointed archons- could control its own future memberships
- all became lifetime members of Areopagus
Tyranny
Took by force
- Ancient Greek tyrants are Good rulers even though they took rule by force
- stayed in power because they had strong military and support from ppl
Draco’s Law
He was chosen to write laws
- punishments harsh (often death)
- introduced ideas of state provided punishments (instead of private parties)
Solon - sole archon
poet & aristocrat but made $$ as merchant
- no more debt slavery
- encouraged olive/grape farming
- set up appeal courts
- anyone prosecute on behalf of another citizen
- wealth determine politic partic. not property ownership
- assembly elects archons
- requires parents to teach sons a trade
Draco’s law written on
Kyrbeis
could turn them on an axle
read the writing on all sides, if you could read.
Peisistratus (tyrant)
- tries to gain power 3 times
- war hero
- married local aristocrat daughter
- –doesnt want to have kids w/ her
Peisistratus
Kept power
- hired merchenaries to be in his army
- took children
- highest offices held by family members
Peisistratus
Champion of the poor
- build water supply & public buildings
- new festival of Dionysius (god of wine/fertility)
- competitions of athletics/drama
- cash loans farmers for olives (more pottery sales)
- made 1st athens coins(state coins) like modern day webpage
- introduced judges who travel around hearing court cases
