1
Q
Aggregates
A
Aggregates
2
Q
Balloon Frame
A
Balloon Frame
3
Q
Compressive Strength
A
Compressive Strength
4
Q
Damping
A
Damping
5
Q
Drop Panel
A
Drop Panel
6
Q
Efflorescence
A
Efflorescence
7
Q
Fireproofing
A
Fireproofing
8
Q
Flat Slab
A
Flat Slab
9
Q
Hygroscopicity
A
Hygroscopicity
10
Q
Joists
A
Joists
11
Q
Load Path
A
Load Path
12
Q
Masonry
A
Masonry
13
Q
Mortar
A
Mortar
14
Q
Platform Frame
A
Platform Frame
15
Q
Pre-Engineered Building
A
Pre-Engineered Building
16
Q
Rafters
A
Rafters
17
Q
Reinforced Concrete
A
Reinforced Concrete
18
Q
Return Period
A
Return Period
19
Q
Shear Strength
A
Shear Strength
20
Q
Shoring
A
Shoring
21
Q
Slump Test
A
Slump Test
22
Q
Spandrel Bean
A
Spandrel Bean
23
Q
Structural Members
A
Structural Members
24
Q
Studs
A
Studs
25
Tensile Strength
Tensile Strength
26
Force
```
Any natural or human action (a push or a pull) that causes am object to move or undergo a shape change.
There are 5 factors:
1. Direction of force
2. Magnitude of the force
3. Location of the force
4. Duration of the force
5. Dynamic of the force
```
27
1. Direction of force
Horizontal force- sideways motion
Vertical force- up or downward motion
Rotational force- twisting motion
28
2. Magnitude of the force
measured in Newtons
1 Newton = 100 grams
1000 Newtons = 220 pounds of force
29
3. Location of the force
forces applied at different levels of locations within building
Example:
Compressive forces acting on lower levels of building will be greater due to the weight of the floors above.
30
4. Duration of the force
Some forces are considered long or short duration.
Example:
Gravity is constant
Wind or snow occur periodically
Different materials respond differently to short or long term loads
31
5. Dynamic of the force
Special classes of force that occur as regular or irregular cycles
Examples:
Earthquakes, machinery, human activity (walking, dancing) and wind
32
Load Classifications (7)
1. Dead Loads
2. Occupancy or Live Loads
3. Snow Loads
4. Wind Loads
5. Temperature
6. Earthquake Loads
7. Other Loads
33
1. Dead Loads
Self weight of the structure
Includes interior walls, lights, ducts and furniture
Static, not expected to change
34
2. Occupancy or Live Loads
Loads arising from use of structure
| Includes cars in parking lot, or books in library
35
3. Snow Loads
Arises when snow falls
36
4. Wind Loads
Arises with various forces of wind
37
5. Temperature
Materials can expand and contract with various temperatures.
Often structures contain expansion joints to allow for movement.
38
6. Earthquake Loads
Arise from acceleration of the ground below the structure.
| Must determine the natural frequency of the structure before accounting for the earthquake forces.
39
7. Other Loads
blast, machinery, fire or rain may need to be considered depending on circumstance.
BUSI 401
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