Chapter 3

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

Describes how our sense pick up information from the environment and translate them into messages our brain can comprehend

Question 2

Perception

Answer 2

The process of assigning meaning to information we receive from our senses.

Question 3

What are the steps in the perception process?

Answer 3

1. Selection
2. Organization
3. Interpretation
4. Negotiation

Question 4

1. Selection

Answer 4

Choosing which data we will attention

Question 5

factors of selection

Answer 5

• Intensity
• Repetition
• Contrast or Change
• Motives
• Emotional State

Question 6

2. Organization

Answer 6

Arranging data in a meaningful way

Question 7

types of schemas

Answer 7

• physical
• role-based
• interaction-based
• psychological

Question 8

Punctuation

Answer 8

The determination of causes and effects in a series of interactions

Question 9

3. Interpretation

Answer 9

Attaching meaning to sense data

Question 10

Relational Satifaction

Answer 10

A behaviour can seem positive or negative based on the type of relationship you have with the other person.

Question 11

Expectation

Answer 11

You interpret other’s behaviours as positive or negative based on how you expect them to act.

Question 12

Personal Experience

Answer 12

What meanings similar events have

Question 13

4. Negotiation

Answer 13

The process by which communicators influence one another’s perceptions

Question 14

Narratives

Answer 14

Stories we use to describe our personal world

Question 15

Influences on perception

Answer 15

• Access to information
• Physiological influences
• Psychological influences
• Social influences
• cultural Influences

Question 16

Physiological Influences

Answer 16

• Age
• Health and Fatigue
• Hunger
• Biological Cycles
• Neurological differences

Question 17

Standpoint Theory

Answer 17

A theory that describes how a person’s position in the world shapes their view of society in general and of specific individuals.

Question 18

Power Distance

Answer 18

The degree to which memebrs of a society accept and unequal distribution of power

Question 19

uncertainty avoidance

Answer 19

The degree to which members of a culture feel threatened by or uncomfortable in ambiguous situations and how my they try to avoid them.

Question 20

Acheivement Culture

Answer 20

Societies that place a high value on material success and a focus on the task at hand

Question 21

Nurturing Culture

Answer 21

Societies that regard the support of relationship as an especially important goal

Question 22

Attribution

Answer 22

The process of attaching meaning to behaviour

Question 23

Characteristics of Stereotypes

Answer 23

• Characterizing others on unimportant characteristics
• Ascribing a set of characteristics to all members of a group
• applying generalizations to a particular individual

Question 24

Primary Effect

Answer 24

Our tendency to pay attention to and remember things that happened first in a sequence

Question 25

Halo Effect

Answer 25

The tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person based on a single positive characteristic. Often based on attractiveness

Question 26

Horns effect

Answer 26

A negative appraisal adverslely influences perceptions that follow

Question 27

Confirmation bias

Answer 27

The tendency to seek out, remember and organize our impressions to support that opinion.

Question 28

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 28

the tendency to give more weight to personal qualities than to the situation when making attributions

Question 29

Tendencies in Perception

Answer 29

- We Make snap judgements - cling to first impressions - Judge ourselves more charitably than others - Influenced by our expectations - Influenced by the obvious - We assume others are similar to us

Question 30

Perception checking

Answer 30

- Description of the behaviour - Two + possible interpretations of the behaviour - A request for clarification about how to interpret the behaviour

Question 31

Empathy

Answer 31

The abiity to recreate another person's perspective and to experience the world from their point of view.

Question 32

Dimensions of Empathy

Answer 32

1. Perspective Taking 2. Emotional Contagion 3. Genuine Concern

Question 33

Perspective taking

Answer 33

the ability to take on the viewpoint of another person

Question 34

Emotional Contagion

Answer 34

Experiencing the same feelings that others have

Question 35

Genuine Concern

Answer 35

Having a sincere interest in another's well being.

Question 36

Requirements for Emapthy

Answer 36

- Open-mindedness - Imagination - Commitment

Question 37

Open-mindedness

Answer 37

To set aside your own believe, attitudes and values and to consider those of the other person. People confuse understanding and accepting.

Question 38

Imagination

Answer 38

Being able to picture another person's background and thoughts

Question 39

Commitment

Answer 39

The sincere desire to understand another person.