deductive reasoning
apply the laws of logic to a series of true statements to arrive at a conclusion. This is a proof.
inductive reasoning
using examples to lead to make a theory
conjecture
same as a theory
proof
using deductive reasoning. may be either direct or indirect(proof by contrapositive)
Reflexive
everything is equal to itself
Substitution
an object may be substituted for its equal in any equation
Partition
The whole is equal to the sum of its parts