Chapter 3 Communication & Teaching

Question 1

ACE’s Stages of Client-Trainer Relationship

Answer 1

• Action
• Planning
• Investigation
• Rapport

Question 2

Establishing a Good Rapport is…

Answer 2

• a relationship marked by mutual understanding and trust.

Question 3

First impression is key, the Personal Trainer should be…

Answer 3

Approachable

Professional

Friendly

Knowledgeable

Good verbal and nonverbal skills

Question 4

Nonverbal Communication

Answer 4

• Voice quality
  
  • Firm, confident, professional
• Eye contact
  
  • Direct, friendly
• Facial expression
  
  • Concern, thoughtfulness, joy
• Hand gestures
  
  • Fluid, relaxed when speaking
  • Quiet hands when listening
• Body position
  
  • Open, well-balanced, erect
  • Good posture

Question 5

Investigation Stage

Answer 5

• Gather information
  
  • Current health and fitness
  • Likes and dislikes
  • Previous exercise experiences
• Uncover facts that have disrupted exercise adherence
• Respond to Difficult Disclosures
  
  • Depression
  • Eating disorders
  • Serious health problem
  • Personal family/relationship issue

Question 6

Effective Listening

Answer 6

• Encouraging: phrases “I see” or “I know what you mean”
• Paraphrasing: restate what client has said
• Questioning: ask open-ended questions
• Reflecting: seek clarification with main points
• Summarizing: key points of conversation

Question 7

Planning

Answer 7

• Setting goals
  
  • SMART goals
    
    • Specific
    • Measurable
    • Attainable
    • Realistic
    • Time-Bound
• Generating and discussing alternatives
• Formulating a plan
• Evaluating exercise program
• Use motivational interview techniques

Question 8

Emotional health indicators

Answer 8

Clients may have measurable improvements in mood, energy level, and sleep quality, and fewer feelings of stress and irritability following exercise.

Question 9

Resting heart rate:

Answer 9

Clients new to exercise often experience a decrease in resting heart rate after a few months of exercise.

Question 10

Heart rate for a given submaximal workload:

Answer 10

Clients performing aerobic exercise are also likely to experience a decrease in exercise heart rate during exercise performed at a standard workload.

Question 11

Muscular strength and endurance:

Answer 11

Gains in muscular strength and endurance occur fairly quickly during the first few months of an exercise program and are easily measured.

Question 12

Walking test:

Answer 12

Measuring fitness improvement with some sort of timed walking test usually yields positive results if clients have been walking as part of their exercise programs for several weeks.

Question 13

Flexibility:

Answer 13

Flexibility is very slow to improve and should only be included in the assessment if the exercise program includes regular stretching.

Question 14

Balance:

Answer 14

Balance measures show the most improvement for adults participating in some sort of balance-training program.

Question 15

Skill level:

Answer 15

Clients participating in an activity that requires skill (e.g., rock climbing, tennis, golf) will see improvements in their motor-skill levels.

Question 16

Medical indicators, such as resting blood pressure, blood lipid levels, or blood sugar levels:

Answer 16

If any of these are the focus of the client’s exercise programs, clients should have these measured at regular intervals by their healthcare providers.

Question 17

Body weight:

Answer 17

Clients should work for slow and consistent weight loss, which is more likely to yield long-term weight loss.

Question 18

Body size:

Answer 18

Clients who are only slightly overweight may not see much change in scale weight. Lean tissue, because of its greater density, takes up less space than fat tissue.

Question 19

Body composition:

Answer 19

If body composition is measured, the same test should be used consistently. Changes in these measures may be indicative of fat loss or increase in muscle size.

Question 20

Motivational Interviewing

Answer 20

• Ask probing questions
  
  • For example if a client has a history of heart disease PT could ask, “Did you know that regular physical activity helps to prevent heart disease?”
• Listen effectively
  
  • Able to uncover valuable information
• Provide educational information
  
  • Explain the dangers of a sedentary lifestyle and health benefits of exercise
• Keep conversation friendly
  
  • No scolding
  • Express empathy
• Build self-confidence
  
  • Identify areas of success with encouragement and praise
• Encourage client to generate ideas

Question 21

Action Stage

Answer 21

• Self-monitoring systems
• Individualize teaching techniques
• Use “tell-show-do” approach
• Provide feedback
• Positive reinforcement
• Use effective modeling
• Create behavior contracts

Question 22

Setting Up Self-monitoring Systems

Answer 22

• The personal trainer should give the client a system for recording exercise sessions.
• Self-monitoring is one of the most effective ways to support behavior change.
• Self-monitoring systems help in two ways:
  
  • They increase client self-awareness.
  • They enhance client–trainer communication by leading to productive discussions.

Question 23

Teaching Techniques

Answer 23

• Visual Learner
  
  • Watches intentlyPrefers reading
  • “Oh I see”“Let me see that again”
  • Use Demonstrations
• Auditory Learner
  
  • Listens carefully Prefers hearing
  • Yeah I hear you”“Say that one more time”
  • Use Question and answer
• Kinesthetic Learner
  
  • Touches or holds Prefers to be spotted
  • “I feel that”“This does not feel right”
  • Use Hands on supervision

Question 24

Tell-Show-Do

Answer 24

• TELL – verbally explain to the client what the exercise is
• SHOW – demonstrate the exercise
• DO – have the client perform the exercise while providing feedback

Question 25

Effective Communication

Answer 25

* Cultural Competence- the ability to communicate and work effectively with people from different cultures * Increases empathy and rapport * Take the time to learn about clients’ beliefs, attitudes and lifestyles * Empathy and rapport adherence * Time spent establishing good working relationship enhances adherence to behavior-change programs * Maintain professional boundary

Question 26

Stages of Learning

Answer 26

* Cognitive stage: * Trying to understand a new skill * Different brain activity occurs when new motor skills are first being learned * Associative stage: * Beginning to master the basics * Ready for more specific feedback to refine motor skill * Autonomous stage: * Performing motor skill effectively and naturally

Question 27

Personality Style Traits

Answer 27

* Deliberators * Directors * Collaborators * Expressors

Question 28

Deliberators

Answer 28

* Low sociability & Low dominance * more cognitive (thinking) less affective (emotion) * Ask-Oriented * Methodical, favoring logic, objectivity, analysis, accuracy * Problem Sovers * Careful Planners * Appear rigid, formal, cautious * Highly creative but detail-oriented * Emotionally reserved, open up once relationhships are forged * Appear distant (less trusting), uninterested in social interaction

Question 29

Directors

Answer 29

* More cognitive (thinking), less affective (emotion) * Action-oriented, competitive, take-charge, dominant * Resourceful and tell-oriented, favoring teamwork where they can define problems, identify solutions, formulate plans and goals, delegate to others to achieve results * Appear insensitive, impatient, direct, and unafraid to voice opinions * Poor listeners, as they proactively think ahead to problem solve * Appear unapproachable, unyielding, inflexible, and blunt * Emotionally reserved, valuing time over relationships

Question 30

Collaborators

Answer 30

* Highly Sociability and low dominance * More affective (emotion) less cognitive (thinking) * Emotionally open, reltionship-oriented, favor relationships over results * Amiable, warm, trusting, honest, sociable, easy-going, supportive, non dominant * Avoide unnecessary risks, slow to decide, non-confrontational, somtimes exploited * Team and ask-oriented, gather information to reach consensus over conflict

Question 31

Expressors

Answer 31

* Highly sociability, high dominance * More Affective (emotion), less cognitive (thinking) * Strong communicators, highly motivational/ persuasive, but impatient * Overly ambitious, more risk-driven, favor incentives and rewards * Impulsive, lack discipline in completing projects * Dominant, tell-orientated visionaries who thrive on excitement, challenge, and creativity

Question 32

Process Goals

Answer 32

- something a client does, such as walk 3 miles a certain number of times.

Question 33

Product Goal

Answer 33

- Something achieved, like weight loss or resistance lifted on a strength training machine