Chapter 3 (Principles)

Question 1

Physical fitness is the ability to what?

Answer 1

• the ability to perform occupational, recreational, and daily activities without fatigue

Question 2

Cardiorespiratory endurance is the ability to what?

Answer 2

• the ability to supply blood to working muscles

Question 3

What is musculoskeletal strength?

Answer 3

• maximal force or tension level that can be produced by a muscle group

Question 4

What is musculoskeletal endurance?

Answer 4

• ability of a muscle to maintain submaximal force levels for extended periods

Question 5

What is musculoskeletal power?

Answer 5

• the rate of force development

Question 6

What is musculoskeletal bone strength?

Answer 6

• risk of bone fracture
• function of the mineral content and density of the bone tissue

Question 7

What is body weight density?

Answer 7

• the absolute and relative amounts of muscle, fat, and bone tissues

Question 8

Define flexibility

Answer 8

• the ability to move a joint or series of joints fluidly through a range of motion

Question 9

Limiting factor of flexibility

Answer 9

• bony structure of the joint, size and strength of muscles, ligaments, and connective tissues

Question 10

Define balance

Answer 10

• the ability to keep the body’s center of gravity within the base of support

Question 11

Functional aspect of balance

Answer 11

• the ability to perform daily movement tasks requiring balance

Question 12

What is the purpose of testing?

Answer 12

• identify strengths and weaknesses
• set realistic and attainable goals
• make accurate and precise exercise prescription
• retest to document progress

Question 13

Ideal environment for testing

Answer 13

• friendly, quiet, private, safe, and comfortable

Question 14

Order of testing

Answer 14

1. resting values
2. body composition and balance
3. cardiorespiratory endurance
4. muscular fitness
5. flexibility

Question 15

What is validity?

Answer 15

• the ability to measure accurately

Question 16

What is a indirect measurement?

Answer 16

• estimate the reference based on other measured variables

Question 17

What is the correlation (validity) coefficient?

Answer 17

• the relationship between the predicted value and reference
• using an R-value

Question 18

What does the standard error of estimate measure?

Answer 18

• the accuracy of prediction

Question 19

What is sensitivity?

Answer 19

• probability of correctly identifying risk factors
• false positive

Question 20

What is specificity?

Answer 20

• probability of correctly identify no risk factors
• false negative

Question 21

What is objectivity?

Answer 21

• intertester reliability

Question 22

What is reliability?

Answer 22

• consistent and stable score

Question 23

What is overload?

Answer 23

• physiological systems must be stressed for them to adapt

Question 24

What is progression?

Answer 24

• physiological systems adapt to stress, additional stress is needed to provide overload

Question 25

Initial conditioning

Answer 25

- Low intensity, technique, increase duration first

Question 26

Improvement

Answer 26

- all variable increase (one at a time)

Question 27

Maintenance

Answer 27

- low frequency and duration, high intensity

Question 28

What is regression?

Answer 28

- physiological systems receive less stress is needed to provide overload

Question 29

What are initial values?

Answer 29

- lower the fitness level, the larger/faster the progression

Question 30

What are diminishing returns (ceiling)?

Answer 30

- closer to an individual's genetic ceiling, the smaller/slower the progression

Question 31

What are the FITT variables?

Answer 31

- frequency - intensity - type - time

Question 32

How can overload be applied?

Answer 32

- by manipulating frequency, intensity, type, and time

Question 33

What are the 5 stages of change?

Answer 33

1. precontemplation 2. contemplation 3. preparation 4. action 5. maintenance

Question 34

Precontemplation

Answer 34

- does not exercise and does not intend to start

Question 35

Contemplation

Answer 35

- not exercising but intends to start

Question 36

Preparation

Answer 36

- exercising but not meeting recommended amount of PA

Question 37

Action

Answer 37

- exercising regularly for less than 6 months

Question 38

Maintenance

Answer 38

- exercising regularly for more than 6 months

Question 39

What is the decision-making theory model?

Answer 39

- weighing the perceived benefits and costs of that behavior

Question 40

What is the self-determination theory?

Answer 40

- the ability to make choices and manage their own life

Question 41

What are the 3 basic needs of motivation?

Answer 41

1. autonomy 2. competence 3. relatedness