Chapter 3 Rocks

Question 1

This is true about rocks. Most rocks are a _____.
a. composed of only one mineral
b. mixture of minerals
c. do not contain any mineral matter.
d. coal is not considered a true rock

Answer 1

b. mixture of minerals

Question 2

Which of the following is Not one of the three types of rock?
a. igneous
b. sedimentary
c. magma
d. metamorphic

Answer 2

c. magma

Question 3

Metamorphic rock forms as a result of
a. heat and pressure.
b. the cooling of magma.
c. compaction of sediments.
d. the melting of rock.

Answer 3

a. heat and pressure

Question 4

All of the energy that drives Earth’s rock cycle comes from
a. the wind.
b. Earth’s interior and the sun.
c. the breakdown of organic matter.
d. the movement of water over Earth’s surface.

Answer 4

b. Earth’s interior and the sun.

Question 5

The rock cycle includes all of the steps EXCEPT which of the following?
a. magma or lava cools.
b. Sediments melt deep beneath Earth’s surface.
c. Extreme heat and pressure form metamorphic rocks.
d. Rocks at Earth’s surface are broken down into smaller pieces.

Answer 5

b. Sediments melt deep beneath Earth’s surface.

Question 6

A rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface is called an
a. intrusive metamorphic rock.
b. intrusive igneous rock.
c. extrusive sedimentary rock.
d. extrusive igneous rock.

Answer 6

b. intrusive igneous rock

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of an extrusive igneous rock?
a. rhyolite
b. granite
c. andesite
d. coal

Answer 7

a. rhyolite

Question 8

Lava that cools so quickly that ions do not have time to arrange themselves into crystals will form igneous rocks with a
a. porphyritic texture
b. coarse-grained texture.
c. glassy texture.
d. fine-grained texture.

Answer 8

c. glassy texture

Question 9

A certain igneous rock contains about 25 percent dark silicate minerals. The remainder of the rock is mostly plagioclase feldspar. What type of composition does this igneous rock have?
a. granitic
b. basaltic
c. andesitic
d. ultramafic

Answer 9

c. andesitic

Question 10

A conglomerate is a rock that forms as a result of
a. intense heat and pressure.
b. compaction and cementation.
c. rapid cooling.
d. slow cooling.

Answer 10

c. rapid cooling

Question 11

The correct order of the processes responsible for the formation of sedimentary rocks.
a. erosion, weathering, compaction, cementation, deposition
b. compaction, cementation, deposition, weathering, erosion
c. deposition, cementation, compaction, erosion, weathering
d. weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation

Answer 11

d. weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation

Question 12

Which of the following describes breccia?
a. a clastic sedimentary rock with angular particles
b. a clastic sedimentary rock with large, rounded particles
c. a chemical sedimentary rock
d. a biochemical sedimentary rock

Answer 12

a. a clastic sedimentary rock with angular particles

Question 13

Limestone is an example of
a. a clastic sedimentary rock.
b. a conglomerate.
c. a biochemical sedimentary rock.
d. breccia.

Answer 13

c. a biochemical sedimentary rock

Question 14

Fossils are found only in
a intrusive igneous rocks.
b. extrusive igneous rocks.
c. sedimentary rocks.
d. metamorphic rocks.

Answer 14

c. sedimentary rocks

Question 15

Sedimentary rocks with ripple marks suggest that the rocks formed
a. along a beach or stream bed.
b. when an ancient animal swam over them.
c. from shell fragments of ancient sea-dwelling animals.
d. when wet mud dried and shrank.

Answer 15

a. along a beach or stream bed

Question 16

Most metamorphic processes take place
a. several hundred kilometers below Earth’s surface.
b. a few kilometers below Earth’s surface.
c. just below Earth’s surface.
d. on Earth’s surface.

Answer 16

b. a few kilometers below Earth’s surface

Question 17

What rock-forming process occurs when hot magma forces its way into rock?
a. regional metamorphism
b. biochemical sedimentation
c. contact metamorphism
d. deposition

Answer 17

c. contact metamorphism

Question 18

Which agent of metamorphism can cause the overall composition of the rock to change?
a. hydrothermal solutions
b. heat
c. pressure
d. time

Answer 18

a. hydrothermal solutions

Question 19

A foliated metamorphic rock forms when crystals
a. combine but do not form bands.
b. combine and form visible bands.
c. become less compact.
d. align themselves parallel to the direction of the forces acting on them.

Answer 19

b. combine and form visible bands.

Question 20

A metamorphic rock can be classified according to its
a. density and texture.
b. color and composition.
c. texture and composition.
d. density and color.

Answer 20

c. texture and composition

Question 21

A _____ is a solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally.
a. matter
b. rock
c. sediment

Answer 21

b. rock

Question 22

Rocks are generally classified as igneous, _______, or metamorphic.
a. sedimentary
b. magma
c. course-grained

Answer 22

a. sedimentary

Question 23

Because of the processes that take place within the _______, rocks can change from one type to another.
a. sedimentary rock
b. building of mountains
c. rock cycle

Answer 23

c. rock cycle

Question 24

__________ rocks form when magma or lava hardens and cools.
a. Igneous
b. Sedimentary
c. Metamorphic

Answer 24

a. Igneous

Question 25

The rock cycle is driven internally by _______ from Earth's interior and externally by energy from the sun. a. heat b. wind c. electricity

Answer 25

a. heat

Question 26

Intrusive igneous rocks form when _______ hardens and cools. a. lava b. magma

Answer 26

b. magma

Question 27

Extrusive igneous rocks form when _______ hardens and cools. a. lava b. magma

Answer 27

a. lava

Question 28

Slow cooling produces igneous rocks with large crystals and a _________ texture. a. glassy b. fine-grained c. course-grained

Answer 28

c. course-grained

Question 29

An igneous rock that contains mostly pyroxene and olivine has an ________ composition. a. basaltic b. granitic c. ultramafic

Answer 29

c. ultramafic

Question 30

Granite is an example of an _______ igneous rock that forms deep beneath Earth's surface. a. intrusive b. extrusive

Answer 30

a. intrusive

Question 31

Igneous rocks such as obsidian have a _______ texture and are formed when lava cools so rapidly that ions are randomly distributed. a. course-grained b. fine-grained c. glassy

Answer 31

c. glassy

Question 32

_______ composition refers to rocks with many dark silicate minerals and plagioclase feldspar. a. andesitic b. basaltic c. granitic

Answer 32

b. basaltic

Question 33

During the erosion and deposition processes, sediments that are _______ in size will be carried and deposited the greatest distances. a. smallest b. roundest c. largest

Answer 33

a. smallest

Question 34

Because of the way they form, limestone and chert are classified as _______ sedimentary rocks. a. natural b. chemical c. organic

Answer 34

b. chemical

Question 35

Large-scale folding of rock during the process of mountain building is a characteristic of a _______ metamorphism setting. a. intrusive b. extrusive c. regional

Answer 35

c. regional