What type of bonding is present when a non-metal and a metal bond? [1]
Ionic bonding [1]
How do you show an ionic bond in diagram form? [1]
Using a dot and cross diagram [1]
Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) bond together to form NaCl.
Explain how the dot and cross diagram would be formed, and state the electronic structure of sodium and chlorine [6].
Electronic structure:
Sodium - 2,8, [1]
Chlorine - 2,8,8 [1]
- Sodium would lose an electron [1]
- As it needs to get rid of the outer electron to stabilize. [1]
- Chlorine gains an electron [1]
- As it needs 1 more electron to stabilize the outer shell [1]
What structure do ionic compounds have? [1]
Giant ionic lattice [1]
Describe and explain 2 properties of ionic compounds. [4]
- High melting and boiling points [1]
- as there are many strong bonds between ions.[1]
- Easily dissolves in water [1]
- meaning they can freely move and conduct electricity [1]
What is the type of bonding present when 2 non - metals react? [1]
Covalent bonding [1]
How do the non - metals in covalent bonds obtain a full outer shell and how can it be represented? [2]
They physically share the electrons [1]
It can be represented with a dot and cross diagram [1]
Give 3 properties of giant covalent structures. [3]
- Insoluble in water [1]
- Very high melting and boiling points. [1]
- Don’t conduct electricity [1]
State 3 properties of simple molecular substances [3]
- Very strong covalent bonds. [1]
- Weak intermolecular forces [1]
- Low melting and boiling points [1]
Define polymer [1]
Small units of monomers linked together to form a long molecule [1]
State 4 allotropes of carbon [4]
- Diamond [1]
- Fullerenes [1]
- Graphene [1]
- Graphite [1]
Give 3 properties of graphite. [3]
- Layers can slide over each other [1]
- Strong covalent bonds [1]
- Delocalised electrons which conduct electricity. [1]
State 3 properties of graphene [3]
- Strong covalent bonds [1]
- 1 atom thick [1]
- Delocalised electrons conducting electricity [1]
Explain how graphene is a strong material [2]
Large network of strong covalent bonds [1] meaning it is hard to break [1] (despite being lightweight)
What is the formula of buckminsterfullerene? Choose one answer [1]
- C50
- C70
- C60
- C40
- C60 [1]
What is a fullerene? [2]
- Molecules of carbon [1] shaped in hexagonal/tube shaped balls [1]
Give 3 useful properties of fullerenes [3]
High tensile strength [1]
High electrical conductivity [1] (due to delocalised electrons)
High thermal conductivity [1] (due to delocalised electrons)
Describe the structure of graphene [3]
Has a 1 atom thick layer [1]
Conductor of heat and electricity [1]
Large strength [1]
Describe the structure of metallic bonding [4]
Positive charged ions are stacked onto each other [1]
Contains a sea of delocalised electrons [1]
Delocalised electrons can move through structures to conduct electricity [1]
Metal atoms can slide over each other [1]
Define an alloy [1]
A mixture of 2 or more elements, one of which is a metal [1]
Why are alloys harder than pure metals? [2]
Regular layers of atoms are disrupted by larger atoms [1], therefore atoms cannot slide as easily [1]
Give 2 uses of nanoparticles [2]
Suncream [1]
Cosmetic products [1]
Give 2 risks of the use of nanoparticles [2]
Can cause damage to respiratory health if inhaled [1]
Large surface area can increase risk of explosion [1]
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Chapter 1 - Atomic Structure27
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Chapter 2 - The Periodic Table15
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Chapter 3 - Structure and Bonding23
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Chapter 4 - Chemical Calculations12
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Chapter 5 - Chemical Changes20
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Chapter 6 - Electrolysis20
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Chapter 7 - Energy Changes15
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Required Practicals (Paper 1)15
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Required Practicals (Paper 2)6
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Chapter 8 - Rates and Reactions0
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Chapter 9 - Crude Oils13
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Chapter 10 - Organic Reactions13
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Chapter 11 - Polymers9
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Chapter 12 - Chemical Analysis16
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Chapter 15 - Using our resources2
