Chapter 3: Theory

Question 1

Empirics

Answer 1

The science of nursing

Question 2

Ethics

Answer 2

Moral Knowledge in nursing

Question 3

Personal Knowledge in Nursing

Answer 3

The role of self in nursing

Question 4

Aesthetics, the art of nursing

Answer 4

Deep meanings in the situation

Question 5

Emancipatory

Answer 5

Applying critical socio-political context in nursing

Question 6

empirics

Answer 6

Clinical Example: Hand washing, pain management, PPE

Characteristics: Fact based, theoretical, predictable, replication, validity, theories and models

Question 7

Ethics

Answer 7

Relational, concerned with the effects of the rules on the individual, moral reasoning, refusing nesscary care.

Clinical Example: DNR, patient refusing care
Characteristics: Moral reasoning, Norms and Ethical Codes , Value based

Question 8

Conceptual Frame work

Answer 8

Group of related ideas statements or concepts.
Describe an overall idea
Frameworks guide nurses in making decisions by considering the patients needs

DO NOT STUDY THEM, thus different to theory. More so about relationships and interconnectedness.

Question 9

Personal Knowledge

Answer 9

Storytelling is a critical part of sharing knowledge with you. Relationships with patients and their families and if one can do that you contribute to knowledge development.

Characteristics: Creative, reflection, presence, expressive, engaging

Question 10

Aesthetics

Answer 10

The art of nursing

Clinical Examples: Getting to know your patient, meeting your patient where they are comfortable.

Characteristics: intuitive, empathy, envisioning/interpreting

Question 11

Socio Political

Answer 11

We are products of our society, as societal needs, values change, so do ours.

Clinical Examples: Aids, stigmization regarding aids but now aids isn’t as stigmatized.

Characteristics: Exposing and exploring, critique, enlightenment, movement towards equity.

Question 12

Ways of knowing example to refer to

Answer 12

A dressing change is not just a dressing change.
Emperics: Handwashing in itself.
Ethics: Autonomy for the patient.
Personal Knowledge: Safe enviroment, trust
Aesthetics: Empathy, adjusting the procedure etc.
Sociopolitcal: Acessbility, teaching them, trauma etc.

Question 13

What things are abstract?

Answer 13

Theory and Research are abstract
they become more concrete when you examine in real life.

Question 14

Nursing Knowledge is formed by:

Answer 14

Concept (factors)
-ideas
Conceptual framework
-describes ideas
theories
-describes a set of ideas
Models
-a drawing of a framework or idea- help us to better understand them

Question 15

Concepts

Answer 15

• abstract ideas or mental images of phenomena or reality.
  -building blocks of theory

Question 16

Concepts can be:

Answer 16

1.) concrete - readily observable, eg. thermometer food intake etc.
2.) Inferential - indirectly observable eg. pain levels, anger, anxiety, mental health.
3.) Abstract (can’t see) - grief, illness and quality of life.

Question 17

Conceptual framework

Answer 17

-Group of related ideas, statements, -or concepts
-Guide nurses in making decisions by considering the patients needs, evidence based practices and available resources.
BASICALLY AN IDEA that can be applied in real life/ practice.

Question 18

Framework Examples:

Answer 18

Piagets Stages of cognitive development, describing stages children go through as they develop cognitive abilites.
Real life: educators use this to design learning activities for children in school.

Question 19

Theory

Answer 19

-Purposeful set of assumptions or statements that identify the relationships between concepts .
-provides a systematic view for explaining, predicting and prescribing phenomena

explaining the hypothesis essientially.

Question 20

Why do we need Theory?

Answer 20

• form exclusive body of knowledge eg. patient using X will do Y.
• makes nursing a scientific discipline.
• provides perspective.
  -education of future nurses.

Question 21

Grand theory vs Middle Range

Answer 21

grand; very abstract 50+
middle range; Less abstract
at least 30>

Question 22

Metaparadigms

Answer 22

-most global perspective of a discipline or world view. It defines the scope and focus of a discipline.

eg. concepts —- concept framework —- theory — metaparadigms

eg. STEM space time energy matter

Question 23

Metaparadigms in nursing

Answer 23

PERSON ENVIRONMENT HEALTH NURSING
-help nurses understand knowledge, ensuring care is holistic and patient centred
-allows us to think systematically

Question 24

Person

Answer 24

• recipient of care, including physical, spiritual, psychological and socio-cultural components .
  -This could be the community , patient, family

Question 25

Environment

Answer 25

-all internal and external conditions, circumstances and influences affecting the person. eg. Trauma, cultural safety, family dynamics, geographic climate,

Question 26

Health

Answer 26

Degree of wellness of illness experienced by the person. eg. having diabetes but managing it. living with your illness

Question 27

Nursing

Answer 27

The actions, characteristics and attributes of the person giving care.

Question 28

Florence's theory

Answer 28

-environment determined the patients health. person, the patient is affected by their environment and has the capacity for self healing when conditions are optimal. environment, clean air, water, light, ventilation, sanitation directly influence health health, not just no disease, also the ability to use energy well and maintain balance; supported by a healthy environment.

Question 29

Middle Range theory

Answer 29

Definition: A theory that focuses on specific aspects of nursing practice—less abstract than grand theories and directly applicable to patient care. Purpose: To bridge theory and practice by providing testable, practical frameworks for nursing interventions. Key Features: * Moderate scope and abstraction * Empirically testable (can be researched) * Guides specific nursing actions * Focuses on particular phenomena (e.g., pain, coping, comfort)

Question 30

Middle range eg;

Answer 30

Chronic Sorrow Theory Eakes, Burke - normal response to ongoing loss or disparity between what is expected and what is real key points: -feelings of sadness recur overtime -losses are ongoing -normal nurses support by acknowledging, validating and offering presence. goal is to cope not to fix ex. parent of a ill child who is not reaching the same goals a normal child would for their age.

Question 31

Caring Theory

Answer 31

-Caring is central to nursing identity. They remind us that knowledge and skills are important but what makes nursing unique is the relationship, empathy and human connection.

Question 32

behaviours of caring

Answer 32

-being honest -competence in care -clear expectations -keeping the family members informed

Question 33

barriers to caring

Answer 33

-funding -cultural safety -time resources -circumstance

Question 34

Critical Theory

Answer 34

-aims to critque and change society, not just explain it -goes beyond the surface to reveal hidden assumptions -examines power and inequality impact society, aiming to promote social justice

Question 35

Critical theory for nurses

Answer 35

-look beyond individual patient care and focus on broader societal factors -more inclusive, equitable and socially aware care.

Question 36

Feminist theory (critcial theory)

Answer 36

-equality for all genders -challenges sexism, racism -everyone gets equal opportunities

Question 37

Postcolonial theory

Answer 37

explores the lasting effects of european colonial rule on politics, culture, history, society and economies worldwide

Question 38

structuralism

Answer 38

a way of thinking focusing on understanding the bigger systems that shape how our society works

Question 39

post structuralism

Answer 39

-that these systems are not fixes or unchanging -meaning and understanding are always shifting depending on context and perspective. -questioning that theres a single truth or fixed way of looking at things, language power and identity are fluid and can be interpreted in diff ways

Question 40

Intersectionality (social)

Answer 40

social identities race, gender, ethnicity overlap so everyone has a unique experiences of privilege or oppression.

Question 41

Intersectionality (nursing)

Answer 41

-patients health is shaped by many factors -address all parts of a patients identity to fit needs -no one size fits all approach