Rough ER
A part of the cell covered in ribosomes that makes proteins and helps send them where they need to go.
ribosomes
make protein
lysosomes
break down waste, old parts, and harmful stuff — like the cell’s clean-up and recycling crew.
chromatin
Thin, thread-like material in the nucleus made of DNA and proteins. It holds all the instructions for the cell.
nucleolus
A small, dense spot inside the nucleus that makes ribosomes.
nuclear membrane
A double-layered barrier that surrounds and protects the nucleus. It has pores that let things in and out.
centriole
helps with divison (only animal cells)
golgi aparatus
modifies, packages, and ships proteins to where they need to go.
vacuole
holds water, nutrients, or waste.
Smooth ER
makes fats and cleans the cell.
nuclear pore
let molecules like RNA and proteins move in and out of the nucleus.
Nucleus
stores DNA and directs all cell activities.
cytoplasm
holds and cushions all the organelles.
mitochondria
turn nutrients into energy that the cell can use to work and survive
cell wall
outside the cell membrane that gives plant cells shape and protection.
chloroplast
captures sunlight and makes food (glucose) through photosynthesis.
Which two organelles are used for energy conversions
chloroplast and mitochondria
Which type of cells enclose their DNA in a nucleus
plant and animal eukaryotes
diffusion
high to low concentration
When water diffuses across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Which word describes this process?
osmosis
When you place an animal cell into fresh water (no solute), what will happen to the cell?
hypotonic, it will swell and potentially burst
When you place an animal cell into salty water (high solute), what will happen to the cell?
hypertonic, cell will shrink
What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
endocytosis (brings in)
exocytosis (pushes out) both require energy
What process do cells use to move materials across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient?
active transport (requires protein)
