Chapter 30

Question 1

How did the seed INCREASE the survival of plants during reproduction?

Answer 1

1. Enclosing the embryo in a shell that can withstand external pressures
2. Using its enclosed food supply to support its growth after germination

Question 2

What are the five adaptations of seed plants?

Answer 2

1. Reduced gametophytes
2. Heterospory
3. Ovules
4. Pollen
5. Seeds

Question 3

Describe the benefit of reduced gametophytes

Answer 3

Gametophytes developping inside a shell shields them from UV radiation and drying out, and they obtain nutrients from the sporophyte

Question 4

Describe the benefit of heterospory

Answer 4

Increases success of colonizing land through the spread of both female and male gametophytes

Question 5

Describe the benefit of ovules

Answer 5

Protects the megasporangium, ovules develop fom megaspores and produce eggs

Question 6

Describe the benefit of pollen

Answer 6

Germination of ovules via wind transportation

Question 7

Describe the benefit of seeds

Answer 7

Multicellular, dormant, and have a food supply

Question 8

What are gymnosperms?

Answer 8

They have “naked” seeds and are cone-bearing

Pines, firs, redwoods, think PINECONES

Question 9

What is the life cycle of a pine?

Answer 9

The pine tree is a sporophyte, and its sporgangia are packed densely in the scales of cones

Question 10

What do pollen cones do?

Answer 10

Bear MICROsporangia (male gametophyte)

Question 11

What do ovulate cones do?

Answer 11

Bear MACROsporangia (female gametophyte)

Question 12

What are angiosperms?

Answer 12

Seed plants that produce reproductive structures called flowers and fruits

Question 13

What is a flower?

Answer 13

Angiosperm structure specialized for sexual reproduction

Question 14

What are the reproductive parts of flowers?

Answer 14

Sepal, petals, stamen, carpel

Question 15

What is the sepal?

Answer 15

Encloses the flower before it blooms

Question 16

What are petals?

Answer 16

Structures that attract pollinators

Flowers that are wind-pollinated are often less brightly coloured

Question 17

What is the stamen?

Answer 17

Contains pollen grain with male gametophytes for reproduction

Question 18

What does the stamen consist of?

Answer 18

1. Stalk
2. Anther: where the pollen is produced

Question 19

What is the carpel?

Answer 19

Produce megaspores that give rise to female gametophytes

Question 20

What does the carpel consist of?

Answer 20

1. Stigma: receives pollen
2. Style: structure that leads to base of carpel
3. Ovary: contains one or more ovules

Question 21

What is a fruit?

Answer 21

Mature ovules encase seeds in a fleshy structure

Question 22

What are some adapataions of fruits?

Answer 22

• Seeds function like parachutes or propellers for dispersion by wind
• Coconuts are adapted to dispersal by water
• Burs cling to animal fur
• Seeds travel through the animal’s digestive tract

Question 23

What is the life cycle of an angiosperm?

Answer 23

Sporophyte–>microspores + megaspores –> gametophytes –> pollination –> pollen tube growth –> double fertilization –> embryo +endosperm –> seed –> new sporophyte

Question 24

What is the function of double fertilization?

Answer 24

Prevents flowering plants from using nutrients on infertile ovules

Question 25

What are monocot characteristics?

Answer 25

One cotyledon, parallel veins in leaves, vascular tissue scattered, ribrous root system, pollen grain with one opening, 3 petals

Question 26

What are eudicot characteristics?

Answer 26

Two cotyledons, netlike veins in leaves, vascular tissue in a ring, taproot system, pollen grain with three openings, 4-5 petals

Question 27

What are examples of monocots?

Answer 27

Orchids and barley

Question 28

What are examples of eudicots?

Answer 28

Beans, strawberry plants, apple, pear, oak, walnut, maple, willow and birch trees