Chapter 32

Question 1

acromioclavicular (AC) joint

Answer 1

A simple joint where the bony projections of the scapula and the clavicle meet at the top of the shoulder.

Question 2

amputation

Answer 2

An injury in which part of the body is completely severed.

Question 3

articular cartilage

Answer 3

A pearly white layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces (contact surfaces on the ends) of bones in synovial joints.

Question 4

calcaneus

Answer 4

The heel bone.

Question 5

closed fracture

Answer 5

Any break in a bone in which the overlying skin is not broken.

Question 6

crepitus

Answer 6

A grating or grinding sensation or sound caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together.

Question 7

dislocation

Answer 7

Disruption of a joint in which ligaments are damaged and the bone ends are no longer in contact.

Question 8

displaced fracture

Answer 8

A fracture in which bone fragments are separated from one another, producing deformity in the limb.

Question 9

false motion

Answer 9

Movement that occurs in a bone at a point where there is no joint, indicating a fracture; also called free movement.

Question 10

fibula

Answer 10

The outer and smaller bone of the two bones of the lower leg.

Question 11

fracture

Answer 11

A break in the continuity of a bone.

Question 12

glenoid fossa

Answer 12

The part of the scapula that joins with the humeral head to form the glenohumeral joint.

Question 13

hematuria

Answer 13

Blood in the urine.

Question 14

joint

Answer 14

The place where two bones come into contact.

Question 15

ligaments

Answer 15

Bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones to bones. Ligaments support and strengthen a joint.

Question 16

nondisplaced fracture

Answer 16

A simple crack in the bone that has not caused the bone to move from its normal anatomic position; also called a hairline fracture.

Question 17

open fracture

Answer 17

Any break in a bone in which the overlying skin has been broken.

Question 18

pelvic binder

Answer 18

A device to splint the bony pelvis to reduce hemorrhage from bone ends, venous disruption, and pain.

Question 19

point tenderness

Answer 19

Tenderness that is sharply localized at the site of the injury, found by gently palpating along the bone with the tip of one finger.

Question 20

position of function

Answer 20

A hand position in which the wrist is slightly dorsiflexed and all finger joints are moderately flexed.

Question 21

reduce

Answer 21

To return a dislocated joint or fractured bone to its normal position; to set.

Question 22

retroperitoneal space

Answer 22

The space between the abdominal cavity and the posterior abdominal wall, containing the kidneys, certain large vessels, and parts of the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 23

sciatic nerve

Answer 23

The major nerve to the lower extremities; controls much of muscle function in the leg and sensation in most of the leg and foot.

Question 24

sling

Answer 24

A bandage or material that helps to support the weight of an injured upper extremity.

Question 25

splint

Answer 25

A flexible or rigid device used to protect and maintain the position of an injured extremity.

Question 26

sprain

Answer 26

A joint injury involving damage to supporting ligaments, and sometimes partial or temporary dislocation of bone ends.

Question 27

strain

Answer 27

Stretching or tearing of a muscle; also called a muscle pull.

Question 28

swathe

Answer 28

A bandage that passes around the chest to secure an injured arm to the chest.

Question 29

tibia

Answer 29

The shinbone; the larger of the two bones of the lower leg.

Question 30

tourniquet

Answer 30

The bleeding control method used when a wound continues to bleed despite the use of direct pressure; useful if a patient is bleeding severely from a partial or complete amputation.

Question 31

traction

Answer 31

Longitudinal force applied to a structure.

Question 32

zone of injury

Answer 32

The area of potentially damaged soft tissue, adjacent nerves, and blood vessels surrounding an injury to a bone or a joint.