Chapter 4

Question 1

Pure Covalent Bonds

Answer 1

between atoms of the same element (diatomics)

Question 2

Polar Covalent Bonds

Answer 2

occur when one of the elements in a covalent bonds want the electrons in their orbits more than the other element

Question 3

Periodic Trend (electronegativity)

Answer 3

decreases down a group, increases across a period

Question 4

Carbon to Hydrogen bonds are considered…

Answer 4

non-polar bonds

Question 5

Ionic Naming (steps)

Answer 5

1. cation first, then anion
2. monoatomic cation = name of the element
3. monoatomic anion = name of element - ending + ide

Question 6

When naming ionic formulas, a polyatomic ion is…

Answer 6

given the name of the ion

Question 7

Transition Metal Ionic Naming (steps)

Answer 7

1. name of the metal
2. charge of metal ion is specified by a roman numeral in parentheses
3. monoatomic anion = name of element - ending + ide

Question 8

Hydrates Naming (steps)

Answer 8

1. name anhydrous compound (follow ionic naming steps)
2. hydrate with Greek prefix denoting the # of water molecules

Question 9

Binary Covalent Compound Naming (steps)

Answer 9

1. name the more metallic element
2. name the less metallic element - ending + ide
3. # of atoms of each element are denoted by Greek prefixes

Question 10

Acids

Answer 10

• compound contains hydrogen
• release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
• aqueous when mixed with water

Question 11

Binary Acids Naming (steps)

Answer 11

1. use prefix hydro-
2. nonmetallic element name -ending + ic
3. “acid”

Question 12

Binary Acids

Answer 12

have hydrogen as their first element and a nonmetal element as their second element

Question 13

Oxyacids

Answer 13

• contain hydrogen, oxygen, and at least one other element
• bonded so as to impart acidic properties
• hydrogen and an oxygen containing polyatomic ion

Question 14

Oxyacids Naming (steps)

Answer 14

1. omit “hydrogen”
2. root name of the anion
3. replace -ate with -ic
4. replace -ite with -ous
5. “acid”

Question 15

Ionic Equations

Answer 15

molecular equations don’t explicitly represent the ionic species that are present in the solution

Question 16

Complete Ionic Equations

Answer 16

display ionic compounds broken into their constituent ions when dissolved in water

Question 17

Net Ionic Equations

Answer 17

eliminate the spectator ions

Question 18

Spectator Ions

Answer 18

ions whose presence is required to maintain charge neutrality and are neither chemically nor physically changed by the process