Chapter 4

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

The sum of all chemical reactions in our body, it converts food into usable energy, makes molecules,
and eliminates waste

Question 2

Chemical reaction

Answer 2

Elements are rearranged to form new molecules with different chemical properties.

Question 3

Anabolic reaction

Answer 3

the metabolic process of building larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring an input of
energy.

Question 4

Catabolic reaction

Answer 4

The metabolic process of breaking larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy

Question 5

Enzymes

Answer 5

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions, AKA the little engines of life

Question 6

Carbohydrate

Answer 6

One of the three main macronutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen used for energy, structural support in plants, and building blocks for other molecules.

Question 7

Hydrophilic

Answer 7

Dissolves in water (water loving)

Question 8

Hydrophobic

Answer 8

Does not dissolve in water (water fearing)

Question 9

Simple Carbohydrate

Answer 9

Also known as simple sugars used for quick sources of energy

Question 10

Complex Carbohydrate

Answer 10

Made of many sugars, used for long term source of energy or structural support in
plants.

Question 11

Isomer

Answer 11

Molecules with the same chemical formula, but different structure.

Question 12

High Fructose Corn Syrup

Answer 12

A sweetener made of about 55% glucose and 45% fructose

Question 13

Artificial Sweeteners

Answer 13

Used to sweeten food without adding additional or few calories

Question 14

Lipids

Answer 14

One of three macronutrients, includes a diverse group of molecules that do not dissolve in water used
for a variety of purposes including energy storage, forming membranes, and hormones.

Question 15

Unsaturated Fat

Answer 15

Fats with one or more double bonds, usually from plants, liquid at room temperature, and
healthier than saturated fats.

Question 16

Saturated fat

Answer 16

Fats with all single bonds, typically from animals, solid at room temperature, and considered less
healthy than unsaturated fats.

Question 17

Phospholipid

Answer 17

Made of phosphate and lipids, they form cellular membranes.

Question 18

Amphipathic

Answer 18

Having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 19

Sterols

Answer 19

A type of lipid serving as a precursor to hormones and cholesterol.

Question 20

Cholesterol

Answer 20

A sterol made by the liver and is an important component of cell membranes.

Question 21

HDL

Answer 21

“good cholesterol”, a high-density lipoprotein used to transport cholesterol to the liver, considered good
because higher levels are associated with lower rates of heart disease.

Question 22

LDL

Answer 22

“bad cholesterol”, a low-density lipoprotein used to transport cholesterol away from the liver, considered
bad because higher levels are associated with higher rates of heart disease

Question 23

Protein

Answer 23

One of the three macronutrients, made of amino acids and considered the work horses of the cell because of their diversity in form and function.

Question 24

Nucleic Acid

Answer 24

A macromolecule used to store and transmit genetic information for the functioning and
reproduction of life.

Question 25

RNA

Answer 25

A type of nucleic acid important for making proteins and regulating gene expression.

Question 25

DNA

Answer 25

A type of nucleic acid that stores information in the sequence of nucleic acids

Question 26

ATP

Answer 26

The energy currency of life, a nucleotide that stores and releases energy

Question 27

Vitamin

Answer 27

Essential molecules needed for proper functioning of our metabolism

Question 28

Pigment

Answer 28

Molecules that absorb certain wavelengths of light, used for many reasons including capturing light energy, protecting our skin, or visual cues.