What was the major trend in population growth in the colonies during the 1700s?
The population skyrocketed due to natural increase and immigration.
By 1775, 2.5 million people lived in the colonies.
Who were the largest groups of immigrants in the 18th century?
Scots-Irish and Germans.
They mainly settled in the backcountry/frontier areas.
What did ‘religious diversity’ look like in the colonies?
Many Protestant groups coexisted (Quakers, Presbyterians, Lutherans, Baptists).
This weakened the dominance of Puritans/Anglicans.
What was the Enlightenment?
A European intellectual movement stressing reason, science, and natural rights.
Influenced colonial leaders like Benjamin Franklin.
What was the Great Awakening (1730s-1740s)?
A religious revival movement that emphasized emotional preaching and personal faith.
Led by Jonathan Edwards (‘Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God’) and George Whitefield.
How did the Great Awakening affect colonial society?
It challenged church authority, increased religious diversity, and encouraged ideas of equality.
Laid groundwork for revolutionary thinking.
what was the albany congress?
a meeting to strengthen colonial unity and from an alliance with native americans against the french.
(ben franklin proposed the albany plan of union but i was rejected.)
What was the cause of the French and Indian War (1754-1763)?
Competition between Britain and France over land in the Ohio River Valley.
George Washington’s failed expedition helped spark the war.
Who fought in the French and Indian War?
Britain (with colonial and Iroquois allies) vs. France (with many Native allies).
What was the outcome of the French and Indian War?
Britain won, gaining Canada and land east of the Mississippi.
France lost most of its North American territory.
What did the Treaty of Paris (1763) do?
Officially ended the French and Indian War.
Britain gained massive territory, Spain gained Louisiana, France lost nearly everything in North America.
How did the French and Indian War affect the colonies?
Britain was in huge debt and began taxing colonists.
Ended the era of salutary neglect and started imperial tensions.
What was Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)?
A Native American uprising against British expansion into the Ohio Valley.
Led to the Proclamation of 1763, restricting westward settlement.
