Kinesiology test 1 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there in the human body?

A

12 pairs

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2
Q

What are true ribs?

A

Ribs 1-7 that attach to both the vertebrae and sternum

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3
Q

What are false ribs?

A

Ribs 8-10 that attach to the vertebrae and only to the sternum indirectly

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4
Q

What are floating ribs?

A

Ribs 11 and 12 that only attach to the vertebral column

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5
Q

What is another name for the sternum?

A

Breast bone

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6
Q

Which muscles flex the head towards the chest?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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7
Q

What is the function of all back muscles?

A

To maintain erect posture

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8
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

A white line to which abdominal muscles attach anteriorly

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9
Q

What are the three layers of abdominal muscles?

A
  • External obliques
  • Internal obliques
  • Rectus abdominus and transverse abdominus
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10
Q

What is the pectoral girdle made up of?

A
  • Scapula (shoulder blade)
  • Clavicle (collar bone)
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11
Q

What joint connects the pectoral girdle and axial skeleton?

A

Sternoclavicular joint

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12
Q

What are the functions of the pectoralis major?

A
  • Flexes shoulder joint
  • Medially rotates shoulder joint
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13
Q

What is the primary function of the trapezius muscle?

A

To elevate the scapula

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14
Q

What is the role of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Medially rotates and adducts the humerus

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15
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Ball and socket joint

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16
Q

What muscles are part of the rotator cuff?

A
  • Subscapularis
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The bone located between the shoulder and the elbow is the _______.

A

Humerus

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18
Q

What are the two bones of the forearm?

A
  • Ulna
  • Radius
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19
Q

What is the common injury associated with the elbow region?

A

Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis)

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20
Q

What are the seven tarsal bones of the ankle?

A
  • Calcaneus
  • Talus
  • Navicular
  • Cuboid
  • Lateral cuneiform
  • Intermediate cuneiform
  • Medial cuneiform
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21
Q

What is a stress fracture?

A

A fracture due to repeated low-magnitude forces

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22
Q

What are the major anterior muscles of the thigh?

A
  • Quadriceps femoris
  • Sartorius
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23
Q

What is the primary muscle group involved in knee extension?

A

Quadriceps femoris

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24
Q

What are the hamstring muscles?

A
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
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25
What is the primary function of the gastrocnemius muscle?
Ankle plantar flexion
26
What is the role of the iliopsoas muscle group?
Primary hip flexor
27
Fill in the blank: The patella is a _______ bone.
Sesamoid
28
What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?
Fibrocartilaginous joint
29
What is the function of the gluteus maximus?
Primary hip extensor
30
What are the muscles of the lower leg responsible for ankle dorsiflexion?
* Tibialis anterior * Extensor digitorum longus * Extensor hallucis longus
31
What is jumper's knee?
Pain affecting the infrapatellar ligament and/or patellar tendon
32
What is the function of the hypothenar group of muscles?
Acts on the little finger and its metacarpal
33
True or False: The scapulothoracic joint is a true synovial joint.
False
34
What is the anterior muscle of the forearm involved in flexion?
Flexor-pronator group
35
What is the role of the fibularis longus muscle?
Ankle plantar flexor and foot evertor
36
What is the primary hip adductor muscle group?
* Pectineus * Adductor longus * Adductor brevis * Adductor magnus * Gracilis
37
What is the major anterior muscle and foot invertor?
Tibialis anterior
38
Which muscles are included in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis (peroneus) longus and Fibularis (peroneus) brevis
39
What is the function of the lateral compartment muscles?
Ankle plantar flexors and foot evertors
40
What do the lateral compartment muscles allow the feet to do?
Adapt to uneven surfaces during running
41
Which muscles make up the superficial layer of the posterior extensors?
Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Plantaris
42
Where does the gastrocnemius originate?
From lateral and medial femoral epicondyles
43
What do the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris join to?
Achilles tendon to calcaneus
44
What is the primary function of the superficial layer of posterior extensors?
Ankle plantar flexors
45
Which muscles are in the deep layer of the posterior extensors?
Flexor hallicus longus, Flexor digitorum longus, Tibialis posterior, and Popliteus
46
Where do the deep layer posterior extensors originate from?
From posterior surface of tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane
47
What is the role of popliteus?
Unlocks knee in full extension
48
How many layers of intrinsic foot muscles are there?
4 layers
49
What movements do the intrinsic foot muscles allow?
Flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
50
What are the primary movements allowed by the hip joint?
Flexion-extension, Abduction-adduction, and Circumduction
51
What is the stability characteristic of the hip joint?
Most stable synovial joint
52
What is the primary movement of the knee joint?
Flexion-extension
53
What structural supports are present in the knee?
Fibrocartilaginous discs, Intrinsic ligaments, extrinsic ligaments, and surrounding musculature
54
What is another name for the talocrural joint?
Ankle joint
55
What positions are described for the ankle joint?
Dorsiflexion (most stable) and Plantarflexion 'En pointe' (least stable)
56
What is the function of the transverse tarsal joint?
Inversion-eversion
57
What is a common cause of ACL tears?
Rapidly changing direction, rapidly slowing down, or collision
58
What is an ACL tear?
Partial or complete sprain of the ACL
59
What is the most common sports injury?
Ankle sprain
60
What type of ankle sprain is most common?
Lateral ankle sprain
61
What contributes to the reoccurrence of ankle sprains?
Decreased proprioception following the initial sprain
62
Fill in the blank: A complete tear of the ACL requires _______.
replacement of the damaged ACL with strong, healthy tissue
Kinesiology test 1
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