Chapter 4

Question 1

ionic bond

Answer 1

• between non-metal and metal
• occurs through process of ionization
• electrostatic forces between ions
• between oppositely charged atoms
• electrically neutral

Question 2

ionization

Answer 2

when electrons are transferred between atoms

Question 3

electrically neutral

Answer 3

• describe ionic bond

- no net gain or loss of electrons

Question 4

polyatomic ions

Answer 4

ions with more than one atom

Question 5

ionic lattice structure

Answer 5

• 3 dimensional structure
• occurs when electrostatic forces between ions in a compound cause them to surround themselves with ions of opposite charge

Question 6

coordination number

Answer 6

the number of ions surrounding a given ion in an ionic lattice

Question 7

Describe the melting and boiling points, and volatility of ionic lattice

Answer 7

• high melting and boiling point- a lot of energy needed to break strong electrostatic bonds
• low volatility- tendency to vaporize

Question 8

What is the state of an ionic lattice in room temperature?

Answer 8

solid

Question 9

What does it mean when molecules are hydrated?

Answer 9

• when ions from the lattice are surrounded by water molecules

Question 10

What does it mean when ions are solvated?

Answer 10

• when ions from lattice are surrounded by liquid other than water
• ex oil

Question 11

Describe electrical conductivity of ionic lattice.

Answer 11

• when solid, can’t conduct electricity
• when aqueous or molten- can conduct
• ions able to move and carry a charge

Question 12

Describe brittleness of ionic lattice.

Answer 12

• brittle- crystal structure usually shatters when force is applied

Question 13

What is a binary ionic compound?

Answer 13

Compound with only 2 elements

Question 14

What areas of the periodic table have the highest tendency to form ionic compounds?

Answer 14

• metals on bottom left and non-metals on top right

- they are most reactive

Question 15

What values determine if a bond is ionic?

Answer 15

• difference in electronegativity values

- a difference of 1.8 units or more= ionic

Question 16

How is the covalent bond between two atoms kept at a fixed distance?

Answer 16

The attraction between the nuclei and the shared electrons is balanced by the repulsion between the two nuclei.

Question 17

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 17

An electrostatic attraction between a pair or electrons and 2 positively charged nuclei

Question 18

What does the covalent bond release when it is formed?

Answer 18

energy

Question 19

What are the 2 types of electron pairs in a covalent bond?

Answer 19

bonding pair- bonded

lone pair- non-bonding pair

Question 20

What is a polar bond?

Answer 20

When there is a difference in electron distribution because of the difference in electronegativity.

Question 21

What are the effects of a polar bond?

Answer 21

The atom is dipole- with a difference in electric charge.

Question 22

What are the trends of electronegativity?

Answer 22

Increases along a period

Increases up a group

Question 23

What bonds are truly non-polar?

Answer 23

Only pure covalent bonds between the same atoms.

Question 24

What is a coordinate bond?

Answer 24

When one atom donates a pair of electrons to the other atom and the other atom accepts it

Question 25

What is VSEPR theory?

Answer 25

- valence shell electron pair repulsion theory - because electron pairs in the same valence shell carry the same charge, they repel each other and spread themselves as far apart as possible