Affects
Also referred to as the experience of different feelings, can be divided into emotions and moods.
Emotions (6)
Are more intense and have a contextual stimulus (they are caused by a person, situation, action, event); they usually last for seconds/minutes.
6 basic emotions:
> happiness-surprise-fear-sadness-anger-disgust.
Moods
Are less intense and lack situational stimulus. Are usually not felt towards people and last longer than emotions. Moods are more cognitive while emotions are more behavioral (can lead us to action). Moods and emotions can influence each other. Emotion, if it is deep and lasting, and turn into mood.
Explain that moods can be of negative or positive affect.
Positive affect is a set of moods consisting of positive emotions, we distinguish high positive emotions: excitement, self-assurance, cheerfulness and low positive emotions: boredom, sluggishness and tiredness.
Negative affect is a set of moods consisting of negative emotions, we distinguish high negative emotions:
> nervousness, stress and anxiety and
> low negative emotions: relaxation, tranquility and poise.
Moreover, exists something like positivity offset what means that most of people experience slightly positive mood when nothing special is happening.
Sources of emotions/moods: name 9
- Personality
- Time
- Weather
- Stress
- Social life
- Sleep
- Exercise
- Age
- Gender
Explain Sources of emotions/moods:
- Personality
- Time
- Weather
- Stress
- Social life
- Sleep
- Exercise
- Age
- Gender
- Personality – people have tendencies to experience some moods/emotions/ Moreover, people also differ in how intense they experience emotions. This last concept is called affect intensity
- Time – worst moods early in the week, best moods late in the week. Most positive emotions at mid-point between waking and sleeping, negative emotions highest in the morning and later average
- Weather – weather has little influence on mood. What happens on the cultural level in the society is illusory correlation (people think that nicer whether makes them feel better) – it occurs when people associate some events when in reality there’s no link between them
- Stress – stress negatively influence moods/emotions
- Social life – social activities make people experience positive emotions and also people experiencing positive emotions seek social activities
- Sleep – poor sleep equals negative emotions (at work reduces job satisfaction).
- Exercise – sport increase positive moods
- Age – negative emotions occur less and less with age. With age, we are more emotionally wise
Gender – women are more emotionally expressive than men due to differences in socialization
Employees can show displayed emotions by:
- Surface Acting
- Deep Acting
- Surface acting - “painting on” affective displays, or faking; Surface acting involves an employee’s presenting emotions on his or her “surface” without actually feeling them. Is more stressful than deep acting
- Deep acting - attempt to change one’s inner feeling to match emotion expressions that an organization requires (that is displayed emotions).
Affective events theory
Model developed to identify how emotions and moods influence job performance and job satisfaction. The model increases understanding of links between employees and their emotional reaction to things that happen to them at work.
Emotional Intelligence (EI)
EI is the self-perceived ability to identify, assess, and manage the emotions or emotional cues of one’s self, of others, and of groups. It is a controversial concept in OB.
Pros Emotional Intelligence
Pros
- Intuitive Appeal
- Predicts criteria that matter - High EI claimed to correlate to a better job performance
- Biological Based
Cons Emotional Intelligence
Cons
- Too vague for a concept
- Can’t be measured
- Suspect Validity
3 Global consequences
- Degree to which people experience emotions varies across countries
- Norms for expression of emotions differ across cultures
- People’s interpretations of emotions vary across cultures (some cultures value certain emotions more than others, but interpretations are basically similar)
