Chapter 4: Nutrition

Question 1

What deficiency to look out for in vegans?

Answer 1

B12

Question 2

What deficiency to look out for in vegans and lacto-ovo vegetarians?

Answer 2

Iron deficiency

Question 3

How often should infants eat?

Answer 3

Feed on demand, usually every 1-2 hours.

-healthy infants automatically regulate intake to meet caloric demand for basic metabolism and growth.

Question 4

When to add iron fortified cereals?

Answer 4

At 4-6 months of age

Question 5

When to start other foods (meats, fruits, veggies)?

Answer 5

When infant is taking cereal well

Question 6

What is recommendation for breastfeeding?

Answer 6

• Exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months of life.
• Continue breastfeeding for 12 months
• Give 400IU of vitamin D daily

Question 7

Benefits of breast feeding

Answer 7

• lower incidence of infections (including otitis med, pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis)
• less likely to have eczema or colic

Question 8

Who should not breastfeed?

Answer 8

• moms with HIV
• moms with active untreated TB
• those who are using illegal drugs
• infants with glactosemia
• certain maternal medications (antithyroid meds, lithium, isoniazid, chemotherapy)

Question 9

What to do for infants with evidence of underlying disease in formula fed infants

Answer 9

substitution of protein hydrolyslate formula

Question 10

Failure to thrive definition

Answer 10

weight below the third percentile or falling off a previously established growth curve
(not uncommon for a chidl to cross a growth percentile curve between 9 and 18 months of age)
-growth curve which flattens of decreases across one or more growth percentile curve is cause for concern

Question 11

Risk factors for FTT

Answer 11

• -low birth weight
• low socioeconomic status
• physical or mental disability
• caregiver neglect

Question 12

What is the cause of most cases of FTT in developed countries

Answer 12

NON-organic aka psychosocial FTT

Question 13

Differential of organic FTT

Answer 13

Extensive virtually never presents with isolated growth failure other signs and symptoms are generally evident with a detailed history and physical examination

Question 14

What labs should all children with FTT get?

Answer 14

• CBC
• serum electrolytes
• -BUn
• creatinine
• protein and albumin measurements
• urinalysis
• urine culture

Question 15

What classifies as obesity

Answer 15

-BMI greater than the 95%ile

Question 16

What classifies as overweight

Answer 16

-BMI 85-95 percentiles

Question 17

What is metabolic syndrome?

Answer 17

-Combination of obesity, HTN, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia

Question 18

Other potential complications of obesity

Answer 18

• depression
• hypertension
• obstructive sleep apnea
• gallbladder disease
• SCFE
• early onset puberty in females