Experiment
an activity or process that has specific results that can be repeated indefinitely, which has a set of well defined outcomes
Outcomes
the results of an experiment
Sample space (S)
Collection of all possible outcomes of the experiment
Event (A)
the set of outcomes that are a subset of the sample space
What are the three types of probability?
- Classical Approach (theoretical)
- Empirical Probability (experimental/relative frequency)
- Subjective Probability
Classical Approach to Probability (Theoretical)
-can only be used if each outcome has equal probability
P(A) = #ways A can occur/#different outcomes in S
Empirical Probability (experimental/relative frequency probability)
-found by doing an experiment
P(A) = #times A occured/#times the experiment was presented
In empirical probability, the probability must be:
A number between 0 and 1
Probability, Relative Frequency, Percentage, Proportion are:
the same thing
Law of large numbers
as n increases, the relative frequency tends towards the theoretical probability
What happens when an experiment is repeated?
the experimental probability comes closer to the theoretical probability
Subjective Probability
probability of event A estimated using previous knowledge and is someone’s opinon
=
equal to
≠
not equal to
<
less than
≤
less than or equal to
>
more than
≥
greater than or equal to
Independent trial
outcome of one trial DOES NOT influence the outcome of the second trial
Dependent trial
outcome of one trial influences the outcome of the second trial
What is the notation for “greater than 5”?
X > 5
What is the notation for “less than 5?”
X < 5
What is the notation for “greater than and including 5?”
X ≥ 5
What is the notation for “5 or less”?
X ≤ 5
