Chapter 5

Question 1

How does norepinephrine affect heart rate in mammals?

Answer 1

increase heart rate

Question 2

In mammals, epinephrine acts to…

Answer 2

mobilize body for fight-flight response

Question 3

How does ACh affect heart rate in mammals?

Answer 3

decrease heart rate

Question 4

ACh [activates/inhibits] in the SNS, and [activates/inhibits] in the ANS

Answer 4

ACh activates in the SNS, and activates + inhibits in the ANS

Question 5

Storage granule - define

Answer 5

• A membranous compartment

- Contains synaptic vesicles

Question 6

Can the synaptic vesicle hold only one OR hold more than one transmitter?

Answer 6

More than one

Question 7

What are the advantages of electrical synapses?

Answer 7

• Fast

- Bidirectional

Question 8

What are the disadvantages of electrical synapses?

Answer 8

Cannot be altered

Question 9

Anterograde synaptic transmission is…

Answer 9

Process of moving transmitters from…

presynaptic membrane –> postsynaptic membrane

Question 10

Steps of synthesis of transmitters in the cell body (2)

Answer 10

• Built according to DNA instructions

- Transported on microtubules to axon terminal

Question 11

Steps of synthesis of transmitters in axon terminal (1)

Answer 11

• Material shipped in from transporters (in the cell membrane)

Question 12

List the 3 different ways transmitters can act on the postsynaptic membrane:

Answer 12

1. EPSP
2. IPSP
3. Initiate chemical reactions

Question 13

How do chemical reactions initiated by a G-protein affect the cell (2)?

Answer 13

• Modify excitatory or inhibitory effect

- Influence other functions

Question 14

What is an autoreceptor?

Answer 14

• Self-receptor on the presynaptic membrane

- Reacts to presynaptic transmitters

Question 15

List the 4 ways that neurotransmitters can be deactivated.

Answer 15

• Diffusion
• Degradation
• Reuptake
• Astrocyte uptake

Question 16

Define dendrodendritic

Answer 16

Dendrites –(message)–> dendrites

Question 17

Define axodendritic

Answer 17

Axon terminal –(message)–> dendritic spine

Question 18

Define axoextracellular

Answer 18

Axon terminal –(message)–> extracellular fluid

Question 19

Define axosomatic

Answer 19

Axon terminal –(message)–> cell body

Question 20

Define axosynaptic

Answer 20

Axon terminal –(message)–> axon terminal

Question 21

Define axoaxonic

Answer 21

Axon terminal –(message)–> axon

Question 22

Define axosecretory

Answer 22

Axon terminal –(message)–> blood vessel

Question 23

Typical location of postsynaptic excitatory synapse:

Answer 23

Dendrites

Question 24

Typical location of postsynaptic inhibitory synapse:

Answer 24

Cell body

Question 25

Vesicles for excitatory vs. inhibitory synapse

Answer 25

Excitatory: Round Inhibitory: Flat

Question 26

Possible locations of vesicles (3)

Answer 26

- Granules - Attached to microfilaments - Attached to presynaptic membrane

Question 27

What types of transmitters cannot be stored in vesicles?

Answer 27

- Lipid | - Gaseous

Question 28

Excitatory v. Inhibitory: Cleft Space

Answer 28

Excitatory: Wide Inhibitory: Narrow

Question 29

Excitatory v. Inhibitory: Active Zone

Answer 29

Excitatory: Large Inhibitory: Small

Question 30

Excitatory v. Inhibitory: Density of membranes

Answer 30

Excitatory: Dense Inhibitory: Less dense

Question 31

Criteria for transmitter identification

Answer 31

- Synthesized OR Present in neuron - Released + Produce response - Produce same response when placed on the same target - Removal of neurotransmitter