Chapter 5

Question 1

Metabolism:

Answer 1

The sum of chemical processes in a living system.

Question 2

Growth metabolism:

Answer 2

Reactions that contribute to the making of new cells.

Question 3

Maintenance metabolism:

Answer 3

Maintenance of intracellular metabolite pools, turgor pressure, repair of cellular structures, secretion, motility (generally responses to environmental stress).

Question 4

Precursor metabolites:

Answer 4

Synthesis of building blocks: in biosynthetic, reactions are consuming energy and reduced molecules

Question 5

Four chemical processes that form the basis of all cellular metabolism:

Answer 5

1. Enzyme mediated Catalysis (accelerate otherwise slow reactions)
2. Energy harvesting by redox reactions (cells harvest energy and concentrate it in ATP and reducing power)
3. Reaction Coupling (links energetically favorable to unfavorable reactions to drive essential chemical processes)
4. Use membranes to form gradients of charge and chemical concentrations.

Question 6

Growth metabolism chart:

Answer 6

Question 7

Making Macromolecules:

Answer 7

Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and hybrids, made of building blocks, require energy to make

Question 8

Four types of macromolecules

Answer 8

proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.

Question 9

Four ways microbes fuel growth:

Answer 9

1. Cell division
2. Assembly of cell structures
3. Polymerization of macromolecules
4. Biosynthesis of building blocks

Question 10

Carbon in microbe fueling growth:

Answer 10

Prokaryotes as a group can use inorganic carbon or practically any organic compound on Earth as a carbon source.

Question 11

Energy and Reducing Power for microbe fuel growth:

Answer 11

Prokaryotes as a group can obtain energy and reducing power by oxidizing either inorganic or organic compounds or by harvesting energy from sunlight.

Question 12

Heterotrophs (Two types):

Answer 12

Uses organic carbon sources
Chemoheterotrophs: Organic compound for energy and carbon source.
Photoheterotrophs: Organic source of carbon, light source of energy.

Question 13

Autotrophs (two types):

Answer 13

Uses inorganic carbon sources
Chemoautotrophs: CO2 carbon source, inorganic compound source of energy
Photoautotrophs: CO2 carbon source, light energy source.