ALL PLURAL NOUNS WHICH DO/NOT REFER TO HUMAN BEINGS ARE CONSIDERED TO BE GRAMMATICALLY ________ IN MSA.
DON’T
FEMININE SINGULAR
how is a noun made dual?
Nouns are made dual by the addition of the suffix to the noun.
Thus, “two books” is rendered
.کتابان
The ان ending is for the nominative case.
For the genitive and accusative we would have كتابين
This is pronounced “kitabayni.
أنتما? pronoun suffix?
dual pronoun (both gender)
(you both) kuma
dual forms for هذه and haza
for هذا the dual forms are هذان for the nominative
هدي for the accusative and genitive
For هذه the dual forms are for هاتان the nominative & هاتین for the genitive & accusative
when a verb is conjugated for هم it ends with? what if we attach it with direct object pronoun?
وa For example درسوا” .they studied
The alif at the end is just a spelling convention.
When we attach a direct object pronoun to this ending the alif is dropped.
For example درسوه” they studied it
what if a verb is conjugated for antum? what if we attach it with direct object pronoun?
we تم as a suffix.
For example درستم .
Whenever a direct object pronoun is attached to this suffix we place a waw b/w the verb conjugation & the pronoun.
example, “You masc. plural) studied it, we write stumuhuدر
All the possessive pronoun suffixes and direct object pronoun suffixes are the same. T/F
F
except one
first person singular.
The possessive pronoun suffix for the first person singular is ي but the direct object pronoun for it is ني.
Thus He saw me is dniشاه
prepositions with pronoun suffixes? min & 3an
pg 80
prepositions with pronoun suffixes? fi & ba
pg 80
prepositions with pronoun suffixes? ila & 3ala
pg 80
prepositions with pronoun suffixes? Li
pg 80
Li meaning?
It is used to mean “to belong to.” Normally, when we
want to say the Arabic equivalent of “to have” in English, li & a pronoun suffix will be used.
For example, I have a car becomes in Arabic سيارة إ
pg 81
If the item owned is indefinite then li and the suffix?
If the item which is possessed is definite then ?
appear first in the sentence
له بيت في القاهرة
it appears first in the sentence & is followed by li & the pronoun or the person or thing which possesses the object.
هذا البيت له
huma meaning? verb conjugation for it in dual?
means “they” dual for both masculine & feminine
there is a separate verb conjug.
for the two genders.
The suffix for the masculine is just an alif Thus درسا هما) means “They (masc. dual studied.”
“They (fem. dual) studied is درستا هما . What we have done in both conjugations is add an alif to the third person singular conjug. for each gender so that درس becomes درسا & درست becomes darasta
When a verb comes first in a sentence & the subject follows, then __________
the verb is always singular.
Thus “The two students went to the library is المكتبة الى الطالبان ذهب
If the dual subject comes first, then the verb will be conjugated in the dual.
what’s a hollow verb?
A hollow verb has either a waaw or a yaa as its middle radical.
example, the verb زار is in theory زور
