Chapter 5

Question 1

the ability to do work and change matter

Answer 1

energy

Question 2

the SI unit of work and energy

Answer 2

joule

Question 3

energy of motion

Answer 3

kinetic energy

Question 4

associated with the position of an object and the forces acting upon it

Answer 4

potential energy

Question 5

energy from motion or forces that affect the entire object

Answer 5

mechanical energy

Question 6

states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred

Answer 6

law of conservation of energy

Question 7

states that mass and energy can be considered 2 different ways of measuring the same physical property

Answer 7

mass-energy equivalence

Question 8

states that the sum of mass and energy is constant

Answer 8

law of conservation of mass and energy

Question 9

energy of an entire object moving

Answer 9

whole-body kinetic energy

Question 10

whole-body kinetic energy caused by translational motion

Answer 10

translational kinetic energy

Question 11

an object changing in location/space

Answer 11

translational motion

Question 12

motion in which an object spins or rolls around an internal axis

Answer 12

rotational motion

Question 13

kinetic energy caused by rotational motion

Answer 13

rotational kinetic energy

Question 14

4 factors affecting rotational kinetic energy

Answer 14

mass, speed, size, shape

Question 15

internal energy that an object has because of the random motions of its individual molecules

Answer 15

thermal energy

Question 16

energy caused by a disturbance moving through a substance

Answer 16

wave energy

Question 17

the energy associated with the position of an object and the forces acting upon it

Answer 17

potential energy

Question 18

any of the 4 natural forces that cause potential energy

Answer 18

fundamental force

Question 19

the attractive force between all objects

Answer 19

gravitational force

Question 20

model that represents the direction and strength of a body’s gravity at every point in space

Answer 20

gravitational field

Question 21

potential energy that an object gains from the work used to move it against a gravitational field

Answer 21

gravitational potential energy

Question 22

the 4 types of fundamental forces

Answer 22

1. gravitational
2. weak nuclear
3. electromagnetic
4. strong nuclear

Question 23

affects certain subatomic particles; stronger than the gravitational force but weaker than the electromagnetic force

Answer 23

weak nuclear force

Question 24

second-strongest fundamental force, which only affects objects with an electric charge; includes electricity and magnetism

Answer 24

electromagnetic force

Question 25

stationary charged object has from the work needed to move it through the field

Answer 25

electric potential energy

Question 26

caused by interacting magnetic fields

Answer 26

magnetic potential energy

Question 27

results from the chemical combination of atoms into molecules

Answer 27

chemical energy

Question 28

caused by restorative elastic forces when an object is deformed

Answer 28

elastic potential energy

Question 29

strongest fundamental force, which acts only within atomic nuclei and combines subatomic particles together to form the nucleus of an atom; also includes the color force

Answer 29

strong nuclear force

Question 30

caused by the strong nuclear force

Answer 30

nuclear potential force