Chapter 5 - ADHD

Question 1

How is ADHD assessed?

Answer 1

• clinical interview

- standardized rating scales

Question 2

What are the core characteristics of ADHD?

Answer 2

inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity

Question 3

Attentional capacity refers to:

Answer 3

the amount of info you can remember in a short period of time

Question 4

Selective attention refers to:

Answer 4

concentrate on relevant stimuli/ignore irrelevant

Question 5

Distractibility refers to:

Answer 5

a deficit in selective attention

Question 6

Sustained attention (vigilance) refers to:

Answer 6

ability to focus over time & when tired

Question 7

What is the primary deficit of ADHD in terms of inattention?

Answer 7

Sustained attention

Question 8

What are the 3 subtypes of ADHD?

Answer 8

1) predominant inattentive type (space cadets, learning disorders)
2) predominant hyperactive-impulsivity type
3) combined type (symptoms of both)

Question 9

Does DSM5 use subtypes of ADHD?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

What age must ADHD appear before in DSM and how long does it have to occur for to be considered a disorder?

Answer 10

12; 6 months (limitations bc of this)

Question 11

Cognitive deficits of ADHD are:

Answer 11

intellectual, academic fn, learning disorders, distorted self-perceptions (usually higher)

Question 12

Do children with ADHD experience speech & language impairment?

Answer 12

yes (30-60%)

Question 13

Are kids with ADHD hyper or hypo sensitive in terms of sensory inhibition dysfunction?

Answer 13

can be both

Question 14

What % of kids with ADHD have a co-occurring psych disorder?

Answer 14

80%

Question 15

What % have ODD?

Answer 15

50%

Question 16

What % have CD?

Answer 16

30-50%

Question 17

What % have anxiety?

Answer 17

25%

Question 18

What % have mood disorders?

Answer 18

20-30%

Question 19

The COMT gene plays a specific role in which co-occurring psych disorder?

Answer 19

ODD & CD

Question 20

What % of kids worldwide have ADHD?

Answer 20

5%

Question 21

What % of kids referred to clinics have ADHD?

Answer 21

50%

Question 22

What is the ratio of boys:girls who have ADHD?

Answer 22

2.5 : 1

Question 23

Does the ratio of boys:girls who have ADHD decrease in teens?

Answer 23

yes (1.6 : 1)

Question 24

In clinics, what is the ratio of boys:girls who are referred that have ADHD?

Answer 24

6 : 1 (boys referred more)

Question 25

When does ADHD become prevalent?

Answer 25

ages 3-4

Question 26

What % of kids diagnosed suffer in their teens?

Answer 26

50%

Question 27

Does evidence support the theory of cognitive functioning deficits as the cause of ADHD?

Answer 27

NO - bc 50% of ADHD kids don't show cognitive impairments at all

Question 28

Does the theory of arousal level deficits think that kids with ADHD are more aroused or less aroused?

Answer 28

less aroused! so they have to continually stimulate themselves

Question 29

Abnormalities in which regions of the brain cause ADHD?

Answer 29

frontal lobes, basal ganglia, frontostriatal circuit

Question 30

Which NTs plays a key role in ADHD?

Answer 30

dopamine (DRD4 gene) & norepinephrine

Question 31

What fraction of biological relatives have ADHD?

Answer 31

1/3

Question 32

Adoptions studies show that ADHD is ___x higher in biological vs. adoptive.

Answer 32

3 times

Question 33

Twin studies show ____% of heritability.

Answer 33

75

Question 34

What parts of the brain are smaller in kids with ADHD?

Answer 34

RIGHT hem, total brain volume, cerebellum

Question 35

Primary treatment for ADHD combines which 3 treatments?

Answer 35

1) stimulants 2) parent management training (PMT) 3) education intervention

Question 36

What other treatments are available beside the primary one?

Answer 36

- summer treatment, family counselling, support groups

Question 37

What are the 2 most effective stimulants to use when treating ADHD?

Answer 37

1) dextroamphetamine | 2) methylphenidate

Question 38

What other drugs (beside stimulants) can be used to treat ADHD?

Answer 38

1) noradrengergic 2) anti-depressants 3) anti-hypertensives

Question 39

Order these in terms of most effective to least effective in terms of treatments. - behavioural - combined med & behav - routine community - med

Answer 39

combined > med > behav > community