Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is on the right side of the heart?

Answer 1

Pulmonary circulation

Question 2

What are the three main types of blood vessels?

Answer 2

Arteries, veins, capillaries

Question 3

What are the 3 layers of arteries and veins?

Answer 3

Tunica adventitia
Tunica media
Tunica intima

Question 4

How do thick vessel walls get blood?

Answer 4

Vasa vasorum

Question 5

Are arterial walls thicker than veins?

Answer 5

Yes to withstand high pressure

Question 6

Where are elastic arteries located?

Answer 6

Near the heart

Question 7

What is anastomoses

Answer 7

Arterial connections providing collateral circulation

Question 8

Are capillaries microscopic?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

What are sinusoids

Answer 9

Modified capillaries, wider and leakier

Question 10

how do capillaries play a role in blood-brain barrier?

Answer 10

Tight capillaries in brain/spinal cord
Restrict solute movement for neural protection

Question 11

What is the capillary refill time?

Answer 11

Normal <2 seconds

Question 12

Are veins lower pressure

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

What do veins and venues rely on?

Answer 13

Skeletal muscle contraction
Respiratory pump

Question 14

What are the two forms that move the fluid

Answer 14

Hydrostatic > pushes out
Osmotic > pulls in

Question 15

Oxygen diffuse from blood to where

Answer 15

Tissues

Question 16

CO2 diffuse from tissues to where

Answer 16

Blood

Question 17

Where is the heart located?

Answer 17

In the mediastinum

Question 18

Where is the Apex of the heart?

Answer 18

Left 5th intercostal space

Question 19

Where is the base of the heart

Answer 19

Beneath the great vessels

Question 20

What are the different layers of the heart wall?

Answer 20

Pericardium
myocardium
Endocardium

Question 21

What is the pericardium?

Answer 21

Fibrous outer sac + serous double layer

Question 22

What is the myocardium?

Answer 22

Cardiac muscle; thickest at apex

Question 23

What is the endocardium?

Answer 23

Smooth inner lining, continuous with vessel endothelium

Question 24

What does the fibrous pericardium do?

Answer 24

Inelastic: prevents overfilling

Question 25

What is the serous pericardium?

Answer 25

Parietal layer (outer) Visceral layer (epicardium Between layers

Question 26

What do intercalated disc allow the heart to do?

Answer 26

Create synchronized contraction

Question 27

What is the myocardium rich in?

Answer 27

Mitochondria

Question 28

What are the right and left sides of the heart separated by?

Answer 28

The septum

Question 29

What is the right AV valve called?

Answer 29

Tricuspid valve

Question 30

What is the left AV valve called?

Answer 30

Mitral valve

Question 31

What do the valves in the heart ensure?

Answer 31

One-way flow

Question 32

How do the AV valves open/close?

Answer 32

Based on pressure change

Question 33

Where do coroanary arteries branch from?

Answer 33

Aorta

Question 34

Heart receives how much of cardiac output?

Answer 34

5%

Question 35

Where is the SA node located?

Answer 35

Right Atrium

Question 36

What does the SA node do?

Answer 36

Sets rhythm for heart (pacemaker)

Question 37

What does the AV node delay?

Answer 37

An impulse by 0.1 sec

Question 38

Why does the AV node delay the impulse?

Answer 38

To allow the atria to finish contracting

Question 39

What hormones affect HR

Answer 39

Adrenaline. Thyroxine

Question 40

How long is one heart beat?

Answer 40

0.8 sec

Question 41

What are the three stages of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 41

Complete diastole Atrial systole Ventricular systole

Question 42

What does the “Lub” sound?

Answer 42

AV vale’s closing

Question 43

What is the “dub” sound”

Answer 43

Aortic and pulmonary valves closing

Question 44

What is the right AV called tricuspid?

Answer 44

It has three leaflets

Question 45

What is the Pwave?

Answer 45

Atrial depolarization

Question 46

What is the QRS complex measure?

Answer 46

Ventricular depolarization

Question 47

What does the T wave measure?

Answer 47

ventricular repolarization

Question 48

What is the average resting Cardiac Output?

Answer 48

5 L/ min

Question 49

What is Cardiac Output?

Answer 49

Stroke volume times Heart rate

Question 50

What can the CO increase to?

Answer 50

25-35L per/min

Question 51

What does the venous return influence?

Answer 51

Stroke pump

Question 52

What do venous valves prevent?

Answer 52

Back-flow

Question 53

What is systolic pressure?

Answer 53

Peak pressure from LV contraction

Question 54

What is pulse pressure?

Answer 54

Subtraction from the max to the min

Question 55

What is sympathetic stimulation?

Answer 55

vasoconstriction

Question 56

Angotencent is a potent what?

Answer 56

Vasoconstrictor

Question 57

What is the short-term mechanisms done through?

Answer 57

Baroreceptors

Question 58

Chemoreceptors sense the change in what?

Answer 58

A type of molecule

Question 59

What controls lone-term BP control?

Answer 59

Kidneys

Question 60

Where is the pulse felt?

Answer 60

Where superficial artery compresses against bone

Question 61

What is the normal resting pulse?

Answer 61

60-80 bpm

Question 62

What is the start of upper limb circulation?

Answer 62

Subclavian

Question 63

What does the ductus venous connect the umbilical vein to?

Answer 63

The inferior vena cava