Chapter 5: Cells

Question 1

1. all organisms are composed of one or more cells
2. the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms
3. cells arise only from the division of preexisting cells

Answer 1

cell theory

Question 2

to see cells and the structures within them we use what?

Answer 2

microscopes

Question 3

use light to illuminate the specimen

Answer 3

light microscopes

Question 4

use electrons to illuminate the specimen

Answer 4

electron microscopes

Question 5

the ratio of the object as viewed to its real size

Answer 5

magnification

Question 6

the minimum distance that two points in the specimen can be separated and still be seen as two points

Answer 6

resolution

Question 7

• nucleoid region has no boundary membrane

- many species of bacteria have few internal membranes

Answer 7

prokaryotes

Question 8

• nucleus is separated from the surrounding cytoplasm by membranes
• cytoplasm typically contains extensive membrane systems that form organelles

Answer 8

eukaryotes

Question 9

between the plasma membrane and the central region contains cytosol and cytoskeleton

Answer 9

cytoplasm

Question 10

an aqueous solution containing ions, various organic molecules, and organelles

Answer 10

cytosol

Question 11

maintains cell shape and plays key roles in cell division and chromosome segregation

Answer 11

cytoskeleton

Question 12

assemble amino acids into proteins

Answer 12

ribosomes

Question 13

when the glycocalyx is loosely associated with the cells

Answer 13

slime ayer

Question 14

when the glycocalyx is firmly attached with the cells

Answer 14

capsule

Question 15

• specialized to carry out functions of energy metabolism and molecular synthesis, storage, and transport
• in cytoplasm

Answer 15

membranous organelles