Chapter 5 - Language Development, Diversity and Immigrant Education

Question 1

To master a language, children must …

Answer 1

• read the intentions of others so they can acquire words, phrases & concepts
• find patterns in the ways other people use these words and phrases to construct the grammar of their language

Question 2

Two processes support early language development

Answer 2

• Joint attention

- child-directed speach

Question 3

Define Joint Attention

Answer 3

Occurs when child, caregiver or teacher attend same object or event at the same time

Question 4

Define child-directed speach

Answer 4

• language characterized by short sentences, simple construction, exaggerated tones, baby talk

Question 5

Define pragmatics

Answer 5

rules for when and how to use language to be an effective communicator in a particualr culture

Question 6

Define metalinguistic awareness

Answer 6

understanding about one’s own use of language

Question 7

Define critical periods

Answer 7

if learning does not happen within these periods, it never will

Question 8

sensitive periods

Answer 8

times when a person is especially ready or responsive to certain experiences

Question 9

Benefits of bilingualism

Answer 9

• increased cognitive abilities
• more advanced metalinguistic understanding of language
• better phoneme awareness & reading comprehension

Question 10

Define balanced bilingualism

Answer 10

• learning a second language capability without losing your heritage language
• must maintain skills in both languages

Question 11

code-switching

Answer 11

moving between two speech forms

Question 12

Define cultural deficit model

Answer 12

• assumes some cultural backgrounds inhibit academic development
• rejected by educational psychologists

Question 13

monolingual/literate students

Answer 13

literate in native language

- limited English

Question 14

monolinguel/preliterate students

Answer 14

• not literate
• limited English
• need greatest support

Question 15

limited bilingual

Answer 15

converse well in both languages but academically troubled

- learning disability / emotional problems

Question 16

Generation 1.5

Answer 16

Children & youth not born in Canada - come here with first-generation parents, before adolescence

Question 17

Define SEI

Answer 17

Structured English Imersion - environment that teaches English rapidly by maximizing instruction in English and using English at a level appropriate to the abilities of the ELLs in the class

Question 18

Recommendations for ELLs

Answer 18

1. Begin with formative assessment
2. Use small-group interventions
3. Target teach essential vocabulary
4. Direct teach Adacemic English
5. Use peer-assisted learning, esp. pairs.

Question 19

Sheltered instruction

Answer 19

• improves English Language skills while teaching content to ELL students by putting words and concepts of content into context to make content more understandable

Question 20

SIOP

Answer 20

Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol

- observational system to check that each element of sheltered instruction is present for a teacher

Question 21

Tools of culture

Answer 21

Funds of Knowledge

• knowledge that families and community members have acquired in many areas of work, home and religious life that can become the basis for teaching
• students more engaged
• teaches educated about student’s lives