Chapter 5 - Skeletal Sys

Question 1

What are the structure of the bone ?

Answer 1

1. Diaphysis (the shaft/body, the long portion of the bone)
2. Epiphyses (ends of the bone)
3. Metaphyses (the region between the Diaphyses and
   Epiphyses and contains the epiphyseal growth plate and
   epiphyseal line.

Question 2

The shaft of the bone is called ———-

Answer 2

Diaphysis which is the longest portion of the bone

Question 3

The ends of the bone called ———-

Answer 3

Epiphysis

Question 4

It contains the growth epiphyseal growth plate / epiphyseal line———-

Answer 4

Metaphyses

Question 5

A ————-area within the——–of a growing bone called the Epiphyseal growth plate. Once the growth stops , what remains is the ———-

Answer 5

• Cartilaginous
• Metaphysis
• Epiphyseal line

Question 6

———a thing layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphyseal.

Answer 6

• Articular Cartilage

Question 7

What is Periosteum?

Answer 7

It is a tough CT /fibrous tissue covering that surrounds the bone

Question 8

The Periosteum function is to protect, ———- and ——–bones

Answer 8

• nourish

- heal bones

Question 9

Periosteum acts as an attachment for ———-and ———–

Answer 9

• tendons

- ligaments

Question 10

Periosteum is very well vascular , lots of blood supplies?

True or False

Answer 10

True

Question 11

The medullary cavity aka………….?

Answer 11

marrow cavity

Question 12

Medullary cavity is a space that is located within ——— and it contains 1. ————- for ————–
2. ————-for —————–

Answer 12

• Diaphysis
  1. red marrow , blood cell formation
  2. yellow marrow , fat storage

Question 13

Popular location for the Medullary Cavity in the body :

1. ———2.———-3.———-4.———-5.———-
2. ————7.———-

Answer 13

1. Ribs
2. Sternum
3. Spine
4. Proximal of Humerous
5. Femur
6. Pelvis
7. Scalp

Question 14

What is EPO?

Answer 14

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced by the kidney that promotes the formation of red blood cells by the bone marrow.

The kidney cells that make erythropoietin are sensitive to low oxygen levels in the blood that travels through the kidney. These cells make and release erythropoietin when the oxygen level is too low. A low oxygen level may indicate a diminished number of red blood cells (anemia), or hemoglobin molecules that carry oxygen through the body.

Question 15

erythropoietin stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. The resulting rise in red cells increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood? True or False

Answer 15

True

Question 16

As the prime regulator of red cell production, erythropoietin’s major functions are to ;

Answer 16

1. Promote the development of red blood cells.

2. Initiate the synthesis of hemoglobin, the molecule within red blood cells that transports oxygen.

Question 17

What are the functions of the bone ?

Answer 17

1. Protection
2. Support
3. Movement
4. Mineral homeostasis
5. Blood cell production (hemapoiesis/ hematopoiesis)
6. Storage

Question 18

The bone is very well vascularized ? True or False

Answer 18

True

Question 19

1. Metaphyseal arteries supply the ——?
2. Epiphyseal arteries supply the ——–?
3. nutrient arteries enter the ———– via the ——– ———to supply the inner ——–bone, ——-bone, ——bone marrow.
4. —— ——- enter the ———- at multiple points (Volkmann’s canals) to supply the ——— and outer ——– bone.

Answer 19

1. Metaphysis
2. Epiphysis
3. Diaphysis, nutrient, foramen, compact, spongy, red, marrow.
4. Periosteal arteries, Diaphysis, periosteum, compact.

Question 20

Bone growth / Aging

1) Bone is in a constant state of ——–

Answer 20

1) remodeling

Question 21

Bone growth / Aging

From birth to adolescence, bone growth is —— than bone —–

Answer 21

greater, loss

Question 22

Bone growth / Aging

In young adults, bone —— is equal to bone —–

Answer 22

growth, loss

Question 23

from middle age, bone ——–exceeds bone ——–

Answer 23

loss, growth

Question 24

long bones lengthen through growth at the ——– growth ———, and they get thicker by Osteo—— in the———–laying a new bone at the periphery.

Answer 24

Epiphyseal growth plate, blasts, periosteum

Question 25

Specialized contractile organelles of the muscle cell called --------------, It is sized measured in ----------

Answer 25

Myofibrils | Um in diameter

Question 26

Myofibrils are held in place by --------- ---------

Answer 26

cytoskeletal proteins

Question 27

----------- ----------------- is a fluid filled tubes and sacs running along and surrounding each ------, they store and release------------into the cell (when it's needed)

Answer 27

Sacro plastic reticulum Myofibril calcium

Question 28

-------------contain a number of sacro merges arranged in series (end to end)

Answer 28

Myofibrils

Question 29

The functional unit of a Myofibril (of contraction) is -----------

Answer 29

Sarcomere

Question 30

The Sarcomere contains 2 contractile protein;

Answer 30

1) Actin | 2) Myosin

Question 31

makes up the thin filament of the Sarcomere called -----

Answer 31

Actin

Question 32

makes up the thick filament of the Sarcomere called -----

Answer 32

myosin

Question 33

Thick and thin filaments of the Sarcomere overlap and their interaction is what generates ---------------

Answer 33

force/contraction

Question 34

In the Sarcomere the overlapping of the filament creatures ---------and ------ strips which gives skeletal muscle its striated appearance.

Answer 34

Light | Dark

Question 35

To generate tension, skeletal muscle cells must be stimulated by a nerve signal from a ----------

Answer 35

motor neuron

Question 36

------------is a nerve cell that stimulates muscles to contract

Answer 36

motor neuron

Question 37

the axon connects with the muscle when it reaches the muscle, it branches out into a number of -------------

Answer 37

axon terminals

Question 38

each axon terminals forms a junction called ------------------------, with the -----------of a number of different muscle cells.

Answer 38

neuromuscular junction

Question 39

The axon terminal and the Sarcolemma never actually touch , there is a gap between them called the -------------

Answer 39

synaptic cleft

Question 40

When the signal arrives, it releases a --------------called ----------------which crosses the synaptic cleft, stimulates the Sarcolemma and the muscle continues the signal

Answer 40

neurotransmitter | Acetylcholine (ACh)