Chapter 5: Translating Design into Code

Question 1

A programming paradigm centered around the concept of objects.

Answer 1

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Question 2

The bundling of data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on that data within a single unit, usually an object.

Answer 2

Encapsulation

Question 3

Characteristics of Encapsulation

Answer 3

• Data Hiding
• Modularity
• Control

Question 4

Allows one class (child or subclass) to inherit the attributes and methods of another class (parent or superclass). This promotes code reuse and establishes a hierarchical relationship between classes.

Answer 4

Inheritance

Question 5

Characteristics of Inheritance

Answer 5

• Code Reusability
• Hierarchical Structure
• Extension

Question 6

Allows the same interface or method to take different forms, enabling flexibility in code behavior. It is implemented through method overriding and interfaces in object-oriented systems

Answer 6

Polymorphism

Question 7

Characteristics of Polymorphism

Answer 7

• Dynamic Behavior
• Extensibility
• Single Interface, Multiple Implementations

Question 8

Types of Polymorphism

Answer 8

1. Compile-Time Polymorphism (static)
2. Run-Time Polymorphism (inheritance)

Question 9

Best Practices for Writing Clean and Modular Code

Answer 9

1. Write Small Functions
2. Use Meaningful Names
3. Avoid Deep Nesting
4. Refactor Regularly
5. Document Intentionally
6. Follow the Single Responsibility Principle
7. Test Frequently

Question 10

The practice of tracking and managing changes to software code or other digital assets over time.

Answer 10

Version Control

Question 11

Among various version control systems, ___ has become the most widely used due to its speed, flexibility, and distributed nature.

Answer 11

Git

Question 12

Are tools that manage and track changes to files over time. They allow multiple contributors to work on the same project without overwriting each other’s work.

Answer 12

Version Control Systems (VCS)

Question 13

Types of Version Control Systems

Answer 13

1. Centralized VCS
2. Distributed VCS

Question 14

A single server holds the version history, and clients must connect to it to access or update files.

Answer 14

Centralized VCS

Question 15

Each contributor has a complete copy of the repository, including its history.

Answer 15

Distributed VCS

Question 16

Git: Core Concepts

Answer 16

1. Repository
2. Commit
3. Branch
4. Merge
5. Clone, Pull, Push

Question 17

A storage location for your project files and their version history.

Answer 17

Repository (Repo)

Question 18

A snapshot of changes made to the repository.

Answer 18

Commit

Question 19

Key Features of GitHub

Answer 19

1. Repository Hosting
2. Pull Requests
3. Issue Tracking
4. GitHub Actions