Chapter 5 Vocab

Question 1

The number of species in a given area.

Answer 1

Species richness

Question 2

The relative proportion of individuals within the different species in a given area.

Answer 2

Species evenness

Question 3

Evolution below the species level.

Answer 3

Microevolution

Question 4

A change in the genetic composition of a population over time.

Answer 4

Evolution

Question 5

The branching pattern of evolutionary relationships.

Answer 5

Phylogeny

Question 6

Evolution that gives rise to new species, genera, families, classes, or phyla.

Answer 6

Macroevolution

Question 7

The process in which humans determine which individuals breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mind.

Answer 7

Evolution by artificial selection

Question 8

The genetic process by which one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome during reproductive cell division.

Answer 8

Recombination

Question 9

The complete set of genes in an individual

Answer 9

Genotype

Question 10

A trait that improves an individual’s fitness.

Answer 10

Adaptation

Question 11

A physical location on the chromosomes within each cell of an organism.

Answer 11

Gene

Question 12

The process in which the environment determines which individuals survive and reproduce.

Answer 12

Evolution by natural selection

Question 13

A set of traits expressed by an individual.

Answer 13

Phenotype

Question 14

A random change in the genetic code produced by a mistake in the copying process.

Answer 14

Mutation

Question 15

The process by which individuals move from one population to another and thereby alter the genetic composition of both populations.

Answer 15

Gene flow

Question 16

The result of two populations within a species evolving separately to the point that they can no longer interbreed and produce viable offspring.

Answer 16

Reproductive isolation

Question 17

An individual’s ability to survive and reproduce.

Answer 17

Fitness

Question 18

A reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size.

Answer 18

Bottleneck effect

Question 19

The death of the last member of a species.

Answer 19

Extinction

Question 20

A change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating.

Answer 20

Genetic Drift

Question 21

A change in the genetic composition of a population as a result of descending from a small number of colonizing individuals.

Answer 21

Founder effect

Question 22

Physical separation of a group of individuals from others of the same species.

Answer 22

Geographic isolation

Question 23

An organism produced by copying genes from a species with a desirable trait and inserting them into another species.

Answer 23

Genetically modified organism (GMO)

Question 24

The limits to the abiotic conditions that a species can tolerate.

Answer 24

Range of tolerance

Question 25

The process of speciation that occurs with geographic isolation.

Answer 25

Allopatric speciation

Question 26

The evolution of one species into two, without geographic isolation.

Answer 26

Sympatric speciation

Question 27

The suite of abiotic conditions under which a species can survive, grow, and reproduce.

Answer 27

Fundamental niche

Question 28

The range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives.

Answer 28

Realized niche

Question 29

A species that can live under a wide range of abiotic or biotic conditions.

Answer 29

Niche generalist

Question 30

Areas of the world in which a species lives.

Answer 30

Distribution

Question 31

A species that is specialized to live in a specific habitat or to feed on a small group of species.

Answer 31

Niche Specialist

Question 32

A large extinction of species in a relatively short period of time.

Answer 32

Mass extinction