Chapter 5b: Continuation...

Question 1

What is technology?

Answer 1

A method that is developed to try and improve performance

Question 2

What is Hawkeye?

Answer 2

An optical ball tracking device used as an aid to officiate in tennis and cricket

Question 3

What is TMO?

Answer 3

TMO (Television Match Official) is used in rugby union and rugby league to make decisions using replays or incidents

Question 4

What are the positives of technology on performers?

Answer 4

• Tech used to improve performance, such as
  . Health and well-being of performers can be maintained and observed, and injuries treated by heart rate monitors, pedometers and body-fat monitors
  . Tech such as software used to monitor and analyse athletes’ nutrition and fitness levels in more accurate ways, e.g. calorie counters
  . Tech has given individuals greater knowledge of the body’s ability to absorb repeated exercise.
  . Safety of those has also been increased, such as the development of helmets and body protection in cricket and hockey to prevent injuries.
  . Rehabilitation from injuries is much quicker due to tech
  . Sports equipment needs to be user-friendly, and tech has helped with that, such as clothing
  . The development of prosthetics has helped performers with disabilities
  . Match analysis can be used to improve performance for athletes and find weaknesses in opponents

Question 5

What are the negatives of technology on performers?

Answer 5

. As tech develops, performers need to keep up to date to buy and use the latest tech to gain that slight advantage over opponents
. High cost of tech
. Increased use of tech can lead to an increased chance of injuries and of shorter career for the performer
. Can lead to more cheating, such as PEDs being used to improve performance

Question 6

What are the three rehab techs developed for performers?

Answer 6

. Ice baths
. Oxygen (hypoxic) tents
. Hyperbaric chambers

Question 7

What are ice baths?

Answer 7

Used to reduce temperature in muscles after activity to speed up recovery.

Question 8

What are oxygen (hypoxic) tents?

Answer 8

Tents that contain high oxygen concentration to speed up recovery after injury

Question 9

What are hyperbaric chambers?

Answer 9

High-pressure chambers that force oxygen into an injury to speed up recovery

Question 10

What are the positive impacts of technology on sport?

Answer 10

Advances in tech have had a deep impact on sport, including:
. Analysis of sports performance has allowed coaches to greatly improve the quality of feedback given to performers
. Increased accuracy in time and distance measurements of performance
. Referees, umpires and other rule infringements
. Improved design of sports equipment, clothing and footwear
. Providing spectators with better viewing of the sport

Question 11

What are the negative impacts of technology on sport?

Answer 11

. Sports are not often undertaken on an equal basis now
. Those with access to the best tech are often the winners
. Time taken for waiting for off-field decisions is often frustrating for spectators

Question 12

What are the positive impacts of technology on officials?

Answer 12

. Tech available to make correct decisions for officials
. Tech, such as Hawkeye in tennis and cricket, ensures that the official’s decisions are accurate
. Off-field officials can make decisions based on multiple camera angles (TMO)
. Time waiting for off-field decisions can make it exciting for fans
. Pressure and criticism are reduced on officials as decisions are made with the benefit of technology rather than instantaneously

Question 13

What are the negative impacts of technology on officials?

Answer 13

. Time taken for off-field decisions can frustrate fans as it slows the game down and increases pressure on officials
. Technology can never be perfect, and decisions are still made that some feel are wrong.
. The danger that officials become over-reliant on technology and slow down the game too much when making a decision, which changes the nature of the sport
. Tech may be too costly, so that means not all sports/teams/individuals can afford it.

Question 14

What are the positive impacts of technology on spectators?

Answer 14

. Spectators have an increased experience at home through the use of more cameras. There is a wider range of sports accessible through technology, e.g. using glass walls and a reflective ball in squash
. Use of all-weather surfaces has improved skills from the performer because of the truer bounce. These surfaces have also meant that more matches can be played without damaging the surface, so spectators can thus watch more
. They have the benefit of improved camera tech when watching, which enhances the experience
. Spectators can be better informed about the activity through on-screen info

Question 15

What are the negative impacts of technology on spectators?

Answer 15

. Time taken for off-field decisions can frustrate fans as it slows the game down and increases pressure on officials

Question 16

What are the positive impacts of technology on sponsors?

Answer 16

. More cameras mean a greater chance of the sponsor’s logo being seen.
. Camera tech allows logos to be shown on screen without being present on the pitch
. More advertising means more profit, which is usually what the sponsor intended

Question 17

What are the negative impacts of technology on sponsors?

Answer 17

. Injuries, cheating and losing can negatively affect the sponsors through their links with the performer/sport