Human motivation is driven by…
basic psychological needs. contouring conscious and unconscious life goals.
What motivates the agent?
- Theory of mind: wanting and believing
- seeking pleasure and avoiding pain
- psychological mechanisms to feed: hunger thirst and sex (clark hall, Kenneth space)
Freud’s theory on human motivation
There are unconscious desire that needs to be fed, if uncontrolled the individual has a disorder. Sex- eros, aggression - thanatos
Carl Jung theory on human motivation
people are motivated by individualization
individualization
the needs to develop and actualize oneself. Become authentic and the person we were designed to be
Henry Murray human motivation theory
list of 20 psychological needs: Achievement, Affiliation, Dominance, Nurturance, Order, Play, Avoiding harmful situations
Humanistic psychology
- Human beings strive to fulfil deep and ennobling motives for self-actualization, spiritual completion, personal salvation
- Become who we are by discovering and making manifest our good inner potential
David Buss theory on human motivation (multiplicity in human motivation)
- Fundamental problems human beings have evolved to solve
- evolved to organize and plan
- if there was no belief in out motivation, agency would not exist
- eg. mate selection, child-rearing, mate attraction, procreation,
forming alliances sin social groups, defending ourselves from attack, finding food, obtaining shelter
Intrinsic motivation
do things we like to do and enjoy experiences
- eg. author liked play ice hockey until he was freezing
- high happiness and well-being
extrinsic motivation
- as eusocial species, humans are also motivated by external factors such as social rewards, money, promotion
- too much of it - unsatisfaction
- controlled/amotivated
Self-determination theory created by…
Edward Deci and Richard Ryan
To achieve and stay motivated we must…
organize and plan
- brain power and interpersonal cooperation
self determination theory
Self-determination theory suggests that people are motivated to grow and change by three innate and universal psychological needs.
motivated by 3 factors
- autonomy
- competence
- relatedness
- Autonomy
- independence from external pressures, individualization, satisfaction to intrinsic motivations and deep values
- basic motivator of agency
- motivation to strive
- Limits of autonomy promotes motivated agent to fulfill the
ideal combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: A social environment that promotes autonomy and channels motivation into socially constructed ends
Important dimension of social environment (autonomy)
- autonomy support (teachers/parents - high autonomic parents improve well being in kids)
- structure (goal directed striving; too much of it = extrinsic motivation)
- interpersonal involvement (Social envt’s provide high levels of autonomy
support, moderate, and many highly involved
socializing forces)
- Competence
control outcomes of events and exprience mastery of dealing with external environment
- relatedness
intimacy and caring for others, feeling love and sense of belonging
Doing what one wants without coercion or compulsion leads to…
- high levels of self-esteem and psychological well-being
- growing sense of change in positive direction
when deprived of autonomy, competence, relatedness…
individual struggles to meet basic needs and finds ways to compensate for loss
controlled/amotivated behaviour
- meet demands of external factor or once external now internal factors
- individual feels they are doing it intentionally but the behaviors are unintentional and disorganized
Robert White
effectance
effectance
the drive to be an effective agent in any environment
- some behaviors arent related to drives, they motivated by mastering the environment
Competence (again)
using all sources, master physical and material in a social environment and getting ahead
- individual differences in strength of motives which is downplayed by the theory of self-determination
