Chapter 6

Question 1

techniques for cognitive restructuring

Answer 1

1. Identifying, monitoring and categorizing automatic thoughts
2. examining the costs and benefits of thoughts
3. Defining the terms
4. Examining evidence for and against thoughts
5. Using vertical descent
6. Engaging in a rational role-play against the belief
7. Using the double-standard technique
8. Setting up behavioural experiments to test the belief
9. Developing more adaptive thoughts and strategies

Question 2

The cognitive model advanced by Beck:

Answer 2

-suggests that individuals who are depressed/ anxious have typical distortions or predispositions in their thinking (negative automatic thoughts).

-* For example
 personalizing
 catastrophising
 dichotomous thinking
 fortune telling (predicting future with limited information)
 discounting the positive (focus on negative)
 overgeneralizing
 mindreading (interpreting thoughts and feelings of others)

Question 3

What is cognitive restructuring?

Answer 3

-identifying the specific automatic thought distortions or biases, the situations that elicit them
-and modifying the content or credibility of these thoughts.
-Assumptions include should statements, if-then conditionals or other overgeneralized guidelines.
-Automatic thoughts are fueled by these assumptions.

Question 4

Schemas

Answer 4

concept that might influence the processing of information.
* Schemas generate and maintain these automatic thoughts.
* Schemas are often established during early childhood.
* Schemas are often maintained through confirmation bias: that is, the tendency to select information consistent with the schema