Chapter 6

Question 1

Six functions of bone tissue

Answer 1

• Support
• Protection
• Assist in movement
• Mineral homeostasis
• Production of blood cells
• Triglyceride storage

Question 2

(BTF) Support

Answer 2

• Bones support the soft tissues and provide attachment sites for muscles, thereby serving as the structural framework for the body.

Question 3

(BTF) Protection

Answer 3

• Many of the body’s internal organs are protected by bony coverings.

Question 4

(BTF) Assist in movement

Answer 4

• Bones assist skeletal muscles in producing movement

Question 5

(BTF) Mineral homeostasis

Answer 5

• Bones store and release several minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus, to help maintain mineral homeostasis.

Question 6

(BTF) Production of blood cells

Answer 6

• Hemopoiesis, blood cell formation, occurs in the red marrow of bones.

Question 7

(BTF) Triglyceride storage

Answer 7

• The yellow marrow of adult bones serves as a site of triglyceride storage

Question 8

Different types of bones

Answer 8

• Long bones
• Short bones
• Flat bones
• Irregular bones
• (Sesamoid bones)

Question 9

Long bones

Answer 9

• Consists of a shaft with two ends - for example, the thigh bone (femur) and the upper arm bone (humerus)

Question 10

Short bones

Answer 10

• Cube-like, for example; the wrist bones (carpals) and ankle bones (tarsals)

Question 11

Flat bones

Answer 11

• Thin and usually curved - for example, skull bones and ribs

Question 12

Irregular bones

Answer 12

• Are not long, short, or flat - For example, the vertebrae

Question 13

Sesamoid bone

Answer 13

• A small bone commonly found embedded within a muscle or tendon near joint surfaces, existing as focal areas of ossification and functioning as a pulley to alleviate stress on that particular muscle or tendon

Question 14

Features of the long bone

Answer 14

1. Diaphysis
2. Epiphyses
3. Metaphysis
4. Hyaline cartilage (articular cartilage) > epiphyseal line
5. Periosteum
6. Marrow cavity
7. Red marrow
8. Yellow marrow
9. Endosteum

Question 15

(LB) Diaphysis

Answer 15

• The shaft of the long bone

Question 16

(LB) Epiphyses

Answer 16

• The ends of the long bone

Question 17

(LB) Metaphysis

Answer 17

• The areas between the epiphysis and diaphysis, and include the epiphyseal plate in growing bones

Question 18

(LB) Hyaline cartilage [articular cartilage]

Answer 18

• At the ends of the bones and reduces friction and absorbs shock at freely moveable joints

Question 19

(LB) Periosteum

Answer 19

• A connective tissue that covers the surface of the bone; it contains osteogenic cells, protects bone, assists in fracture repair, helps nourish bone tissue, and serves as an attachment point for ligaments and tendons.

Question 20

(LB) Marrow cavity

Answer 20

• The space within the diaphysis

Question 21

(LB) Red marrow

Answer 21

• Is the site of blood production

Question 22

(LB) Yellow marrow

Answer 22

• Is the site of fat storage

Question 23

(LB) endosteum

Answer 23

• The lining of the medullary cavity