Chapter 6

Question 1

Why is it difficult to establish a component market for different vendors?

Answer 1

There is no existence of widely used component models and frameworks for embedded systems. Different domain-specific and often proprietary frameworks are used.

Question 2

Special requirements for embedded software and component technology for embedded software are?

Answer 2

1. Diversity of the underlying platforms
2. Stricter resource limitations
3. Non-functional properties

Question 3

Name two types of AUTOSAR platforms?

Answer 3

1. AUTOSAR classic: deals with the problem of how automative software could be built from individual software components and how these components could be mapped to automotive hardware.
2. AUTOSAR adaptive platform: it is developed to address requirements of new applications such as mobile and secure communication, support of cross-domain computing platforms etc

Question 4

Three main layers of AUTOSAR architecture are?

Answer 4

1. AUTOSAR software components which implements the logical functions visible to the users. They are described irrespective of the programming language or hardware.
2. On the bottom layer, AUTOSAR defines a standardised platform that provides an abstraction from the actual ECU hardware.
3. Virtual functional bus (VFB) which is the middleware of the AUTOSAR runtime environment (RTE) and mediates between the AUTOSAR software components and the services provided by the basic software.

Question 5

Highlight the different communication paradigms that could be used in the ports of AUTOSAR components

Answer 5

1. Sender-Receiver communication: the most important paradigm is data-based communication, where information only flows in one direction so that communication does not block the sender. Senders do not know which components listen to them. The AUTOSAR runtime environment supports all multiplicity in a sender-receiver relationship.
2. Client-Server Communication: this is an operation-based communication paradigm that is widely used in distributed systems where a server provides a particular service and the client uses it. AUTOSAR supports multiple clients for a single server ( but not vice versa)

Other forms of communication used in AUTOSAR which are based on the above two are

Mode-based communication and Trigger-based communication