central limit theorem
A statistical principle that defines the mean, standard deviation, and shape of a theoretical sampling distribution
relative standing
A description of a particular score derived from a systematic evaluation of the score using the characteristics of the sample or population in which it occurs
sampling distribution of means
A frequency distribution showing all possible sample means that occur when samples of a particular size are drawn from the raw score population described by the null hypothesis
standard error of the mean
The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of means; used in the π§-test and estimated in the one-sample π‘-test
standard normal curve
A theoretical perfect normal curve, which serves as a model of the perfect normal π§-distribution
π§-distribution
The distribution of π§-scores produced by transforming all raw scores in a distribution into π§-scores
π§-score
The statistic that describes the location of a raw score in terms of its distance from the mean when measured in standard deviation units; symbolized by π§; also known as a standard score because it allows comparison of scores on different kinds of variables by equating, or standardizing, the distributions
