Individual Differences:
1) Ideology: set of a__ that p__ people to view the world in certain ways.
i. e. r__ vs. d__.
attitudes, predispose
republicans, democrats
Ideology Types:
a) Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA):
- submissive to a___.
- a___ support authority.
- highly c__.
Correlated with p__ against many groups.. why?
- mental i__.
- organize the world in i__ and o__ more.
- dislike groups that a__ dislikes
ex: religious authorities
RWA German Hiring Study:
- West Germans role play as department head.
- measured RWA
- IV: Receive a note from the company president, “Hiring East Germans would be a bad idea.” vs. control
- DV: Do they recommend hiring an East German?
Main Point: People high in RWA engaged in s__ d__.
authority, aggressively, conventional, prejudice
inflexibility, ingroups, outgroups, authority
sanctioned discrimination
Ideology Types:
b) Social Dominance Orientation (SDO):
- How much someone wants ingroup to d__ and be s__ to outgroup.
- Ingroups should have the r__/s__.
- Outgroups should be s__.
Greater p__ -> higher SDO
-Dislike any group that c__ status quo.
Personality Scale for SDO:
- “Some groups of people are simply i__ to other groups.”
- “Group e__ should be our ideal.”
- “In getting what you want, it is sometimes necessary to use f__ against other groups.
Why it’s related to prejudice:
-Worldview: groups are competing for l__ r__.
Fixed Pie Fallacy: minority g__ = majority l__
Study: Black Gain is White Pain:
-white people rated that as black people became __ discriminated against, white people became __ discriminated against.
dominate, superior
resources/status
subordinate
power
challenge
inferior
equality
force
limited resources
gain, loss
less, more
Ideology Types:
b) Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) continued:
Legitimizing Myths:
-beliefs used to j_ status quo.
e. g: Minority groups not in powerful positions.
- Legitimizing Myth: they’re l__ and u__.
Can be n_ or p_ stereotypes.
-“African Americans are a__, not good b__ l__.”
Motivation to Prove Dominance Study:
- a math test given to white participant.
- IV: the research assistant is black or white.
- DV: # of correct answers.
- Results: High SDO participants tested by a black RA scores ~__%
- everyone else scored ~__%
justify
lazy, unintelligent
negative, positive
athletic, business leaders
80, 50
Ideologies Summary:
RWA: S__ to ingroup a__.
- prejudice depends on a__ figure.
- dislike groups the a__ dislikes.
SDO: D__ of ingroup over outgroup.
- authority is i__.
- disliked groups that t__ ingroup’s status.
submission, authority
authority, authority
dominance
irrelevant
threaten
Individual Differences:
2) Values: enduring b__ about the importance of g__ we aspire to achieve.
How are values relevant?
- prejudice arises from p__ value d__.
- prejudice can be a way to d__ values.
- some values i__ prejudice.
beliefs, goals
perceived, differences
defend, inhibit
Individual Differences:
2) Values
Value Dissimilarity Hypothesis:
-believing that the outgroup does not s__ your ingroup values produces p__.
Ex: Individualism: a value of i__, s__-r__, and a strong w__ ethic.
- common in the US
- prejudice toward groups stereotyped as l__ (o__ people).
Ex: Family Values:
- L___ community thought to violate these values.
- greater e__ of “family values” -> greater p__ against LGBTQ.
share, prejudice
independence, self-reliance, work, lazy, overweight
LGBTQ
endorsement, prejudice
Individual Differences:
2) Values
Attribution-Value Model:
Prejudice depends on:
-violation of v__.
-perceived r__ for violation
If people can c__ violations –> p__.
If people cannot c__–> l__/n__ p__.
Weight Responsibility Study:
-form impressions of overweight women.
-IV: perceived responsibility
(“Overweight due to a medical condition” or “overweight due to overeating.”)
-DV: Do you think you would like this person?
Main Point: Changing perceived c__ reduced n__ attitudes.
values, responsibility
control, prejudice
control, less/no prejudice
control, negative
Individual Differences:
2) Values
Terror Management Theory:
awareness of your inevitable d__ –> f__/a__
Mortality Salience: a s__ reminder of d__.
ex: dental pain vs. death.
How can we reduce this unpleasantness?
- Reaffirming c__ values reduces this anxiety.
- W__ defense.
-“I___” through connecting to e__ culture.
Mortality-Salience Theory:
- ingroup i__
- n__ stereotypes of outgroup
- outgroup p__
death, fear/anxiety
situational, death
cultural, worldview
immortality, enduring
identification
negative
prejudice
Individual Differences:
3) Self Esteem: an e__ of yourself.
“secure:”
- h__ self esteem
- high e__ and i__ self esteem
“Defensive:”
- h__ self esteem
- low __ self esteem
- greater b__.
evaluation
high, explicit, implicit
high, implicit, greater.
Values:
Egalitarianism:
-Value of equal o__, equal t__, and c__ for others well being.
- works as a “b__” on p__ reactions
- not s__ to any group
opportunity, treatment, concern
brake, prejudiced
specific
