Chapter 6

Question 1

When we fear some smaller risks far too much (risk overestimation) or fear some larger risks not nearly enough (risk underestimation) this is called the ________
A
cognitive risk gap

B
risk gap

C
perception gap

D
belief behaviour gap

Answer 1

perception gap

Question 2

affect pool

Answer 2

thoughts and images stored with affective tags
general feeling of goodness or badness
affects judgements and behaviour

Question 3

sensory adaptation

Answer 3

When stimuli do not change, or change very slowly, they quickly lose their ability to activate a response from our sensory neurons, this is called

Question 4

When stimuli do not change, or change very slowly, they quickly lose their ability to activate a response from our sensory neurons, this is called

Answer 4

sensory adaptation

Question 5

cognition

Answer 5

_______ is the thought processes in the human brain

Question 6

_______ is the thought processes in the human brain

Answer 6

cognition

Question 7

systems knowledge

Answer 7

larger picture behind our problems and reveals how seemingly separate issues are interconnected

Question 8

Mental models are also referred to as h____

Answer 8

heuristics

Question 9

what causes us to ignore new ideas

Answer 9

confirmation bias

Question 10

an irrational drive to maintain cherished notions, even in the face of contradictory evidence

Answer 10

belief perseverance

Question 11

Describe the diffusion of innovation model

1. opinion leaders
2. early adopters
3. early majority
4. late majority

Answer 11

• In fact, it is in this category that you find opinion leaders who are highly connected and often operate at the centre of communication networks.
• When people in the mainstream see how “joining in” works, they feel competent and confident to do so.
• Within the mainstream, the early majority actively seeks new information and has rich social networks, while the late majority tends to enter the fray only when there is little risk and when they perceive peer pressure to do so.

Question 12

Light is a primary zeitgeber, an _________ that synchronizes circadian
rhythms, physiological processes such as sleeping and eating that roughly follow
a 24-hour cycle.

Answer 12

external cue that

Question 13

why is political advocacy important

Answer 13

Personal behaviors are significantly constrained by societal

infrastructure