identify the formalities prescribed in our law for various contracts
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distinguish formalities prescribed by law from formalities prescribed by the parties to a contract
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understand the effect of formalities on the variation and amendment of contractual clauses
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examine and explain the effect of a non-variation clause and the application of the Shifren principle
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understand the principle of restrictive interpretation
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explain the effects of public policy and estoppel on the enforcement of non-variation clauses
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examine the effect of a non-waiver clause
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